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The  Open  Door  in  China 


Report  of  a Visit  to 

Japan,  China,  and  the  Philippine  Islands 

With  Recommendations  on  Aims  and  Policies 
By  S.  S.  Hough,  Secretary 

To  the  Bishops  and  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Foreign  Mis- 
sionary Society  of  the  United  Brethren  in  Christ: 

Dear  Co-workers : In  obedience  to  your  instructions  to 
visit  our  missions  in  Japan,  South  China,  and  the  Philippine 
Islands,  I left  Dayton,  Ohio,  October  9,  1911,  and  on  October 
17,  Bishop  William  M.  Bell,  D.D.,  and  the  writer  departed 
from  San  Francisco  on  the  steamship  “Manchuria”  for  Hong- 
kong, China.  On  arriving  at  Honolulu,  the  reports  in  the 
daily  papers  indicated  that  the  revolution  in  China  had  gained 
alarming  proportions,  and  it  then  seemed  doubtful  if  a satisfac- 
tory visit  could  be  made  this  year  in  China.  Because  of  this 
and  for  personal  reasons,  one  of  which  was  the  severe  illness 
of  his  father,  which  a few  months  later  resulted  in  his  death, 
Bishop  Bell  felt  it  to  be  the  will  of  God  that  he  should  return 
to  America.  It  is  needless  to  say  that  Bishop  Bell’s  return 
from  Honolulu  was  to  me  a very  heavy  personal  loss,  and  a 
great  disappointment  to  all  the  missions. 

When  a thousand  miles  from  Japan,  I sent  Dr.  Howard  a 
wireless  message  to  investigate  conditions  at  Canton,  China. 
Two  days  later  when  three  hundred  miles  out  from  Yokohama, 
I received  the  following  reply:  “Canton  postponed.  Welcome 
Japan.”  All  South  China  at  that  time  was  in  the  crisis  of  the 
revolution,  and  no  one  could  predict  what  a day  would  bring 
forth. 

Accordingly  Japan  was  the  first  field  visited.  Our  ship 
landed  at  Yokohama,  November  3,  and  a royal  welcome  was 
extended  by  both  missionaries  and  Japanese  workers.  For  one 
month  and  three  days  we  visited  our  various  mission  stations, 
counseled  with  our  missionary  staff  and  our  Japanese  pastors 
and  laymen,  and  conferred  with  those  in  authority  in  other 
communions  concerning  their  work,  and  thus  sought  to  get 
a complete  view  of  the  work  already  done  and  of  what  remains 
to  be  done  to  make  Christianity  a dominant  force  in  Japan. 

Marvels  in  Korea. 

Then  from  December  6 to  December  13,  I made  a hasty 
trip  at  my  own  expense  to  Korea  to  see  and  study  the  remark- 


? 


able  work  of  God  in  the  cities  of  Seoul  and  Pyeng  Yang. 
As  this  will  be  the  only  reference  I shall  make  to  Korea  in 
this  report,  I will  say  in  brief  that  while  there  I witnessed 
a revival  in  full  power  and  saw  the  definite  personal  work  on 
the  part  of  individual  Christians  that  not  only  brings  multi- 
tudes to  the  various  services  of  the  church,  but  leads  many 
to  Jesus  Christ. 

I had  a personal  interview  with  three  men  who  in  1898, 
had  been  arrested  and  cast  into  an  old,  filthy  prison  because 
they  had  caught  a vision  of  new  possibilities  for  their  op- 
pressed, poverty-stricken  country,  and  had  stood  out  for  free- 
dom and  reform.  These  men  were  not  professing  Christians 
when  arrested.  About  two  hundred  in  all  were  cast  into 
prison,  two  were  executed,  others  horribly  tortured,  some  until 
their  bones  were  broken,  and  this  persecution  continued  from 
two  to  six  years. 

I was  dined  by  a prisoner  named  Syngman  Rhee,  who 
after  two  years  of  torture  began  to  think  of  the  future  and 
wondered  if  that  too,  would  be  a prison  for  him.  He  remem- 
bered that  a missionary  had  said  there  is  a God  who  would 
deliver  all  who  called  upon  him  in  sincerity.  He  bowed  his 
head  over  the  prison  collar  of  wood  about  his  neck  and  prayed, 
“O  God,  save  my  country  and  save  my  soul.”  Peace  and  power 
from  God  came  into  his  life. 

Later,  a New  Testament  and  copies  of  Pilgrim’s  Progress 
and  Mr.  Moody's  booklets  were  sent  secretly  to  the  prison. 
The  jailer  himself  was  converted  and  likewise  forty  of  the 
other  prisoners,  and  the  old  prison  became  a Bible  training 
school  of  wonderful  power  for  the  new  converts. 

God  led  them  all  out  of  prison,  and  soon  set  them  to 
work ; and  to-day  those  prison  converts  are  the  chief  Christian 
leaders  in  Korea.  Mr.  Syngman  Rhee,  the  first  prison  convert, 
went  to  America  and  took  his  A.M.  degree  at  Harvard  and 
Ph.D.  at  Princeton,  and  is  now  the  National  Student  Secre- 
tary of  the  Young  Men’s  Christian  Association  for  all  Korea. 

Mr.  Kim  In,  another  prison  convert,  who  was  former 
Chief  of  Police  of  the  city  of  Seoul,  after  coming  from  prison 
was  offered  the  governorship  of  one  of  the  thirteen  provinces 
of  Korea,  but  chose  rather  to  become  General  Secretary  of  the 
Young  Men’s  Christian  Association  for  Korea,  at  a much 
smaller  salary. 

Possibly  the  most  remarkable  of  all  these  prison  converts 
is  Yi  Sang  Chai,  who  was  converted  in  prison  when  above  fifty 
years  of  age.  He  is  said  to  be  the  best  informed  and  most 
influential  of  all  the  Koreans,  having  been  secretary  of  the 
legation  in  Washington,  D.  C.  This  remarkable  prison  con- 
vert is  now  religious  work  director  of  the  Young  Men’s  Chris- 


3 


tian  Association  at  Seoul,  and  is  a Bible  student  and  personal 
worker  of  the  first  rank.  Thousands  of  men  have  been  led  to 
Christ  through  his  personal  efforts,  and  last  year  under  his 
direction  four  thousand  men  were  enrolled  in  Bible  classes 
in  the  city  of  Seoul. 

Everywhere  in  Korea  one  can  witness  scenes  like  those 
described  in  the  Acts  of  Apostles.  The  teachers  in  their  col- 
leges and  seminaries,  the  pastors,  the  Sunday-school  teachers, 
and  practically  all  the  members  of  the  church  do  definite  per- 
sonal work  in  soul-winning,  and  make  the  study  of  the  Bible  a 
personal  daily  practice,  and  the  spirit  of  earnest  prayer  to 
God  permeates  all  their  activities. 


The  Tour  of  China  and  the  Philippines. 

Desiring  to  make  a thorough  investigation  and  reach 
the  best  solution  of  the  problems  in  China  and  the  Philippines, 
I had  requested  Dr.  Howard  who  has  had  many  years  of 
experience  and  observation  in  the  Orient,  to  accompany  me  to 
these  fields.  The  Mission  Council  in  Japan  kindly  granted 
him  a leave  of  absence  for  two  and  a half  months  for  this 
special  work.  After  my  brief  visit  in  Korea,  Dr.  Howard 
joined  me  at  Nagasaki,  on  December  14,  on  the  steamship 
“Tenyo  Mara”  and  we  journeyed  by  way  of  Shanghai  to 
Hongkong,  where  we  were  met  by  Rev.  Mr.  Spore  on  Decem- 
ber 19,  and  taken  by  night  boat  to  Canton.  We  found  all 
South  China  had  been  swept  free  of  the  Manchus,  and  peace 
negotiations  were  then  in  progress  at  Shanghai. 

After  a welcome  most  cordial  from  the  missionaries  and 
their  associates  in  Canton,  and  a tour  of  one  hundred  and 
twenty-five  miles  in  the  visitation  of  our  stations  in  the  coun- 
try, we  had  many  days  of  missionary  counsel  and  investigation 
which  culminated  in  the  China  Annual  Conference.  On  Jan- 
uary 19,  we  sailed  for  the  Philippines  on  steamship  “Kumano 
Maru,”  arriving  at  Manila  fifty  hours  later. 


4 


It  was  a great  joy  to  be  greeted  so  heartily  by  our  mis- 
sionaries and  their  co-laborers  in  a country  over  which  the 
Stars  and  Stripes  were  floating  in  the  uttermost  parts  of  the 
earth ! After  extended  tours  along  the  coast  and  into  the 
mountains,  visiting  many  mission  stations,  several  days  were 
given  to  the  discussion  of  the  work  in  mission  council.  In 
order  to  prepare  for  the  approaching  annual  conference  in 
Japan,  Dr.  Howard  left  Manila,  February  10.  After  fourteen 
days  more  of  travel  and  investigation,  and  the  holding  of  the 
Philippine  Annual  Conference,  I found  it  necessary  to  return 
to  America  by  way  of  the  Pacific  in  order  to  save  time  and 
to  have  a second  visit  in  China  and  Japan  to  complete  the 
work  begun. 

Accordingly,  I departed  from  Manila,  February  24,  on  the 
steamship  “Mongolia”  for  San  Francisco.  While  this  ship 
was  undergoing  repairs  for  six  days  in  Hongkong,  I had  the 
opportunity  of  a second  visit  to  Canton  and  vicinity,  during 
which  time  we  reviewed  the  entire  work  passed  upon  in  the 
previous  council  meetings  and  had  time  to  take  a more  ex- 
tended tour  to  places  as  yet  unoccupied  by  Christian  workers. 
Then  bidding  adieu  to  the  workers  in  China  I was  accom- 
panied by  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Oldt  and  their  children  Maxwell  and 
Mary  Ruth  returning  home  on  furlough.  We'  departed  from 
Hongkong,  on  March  3.  A second  council  meeting  was  held 
in  Japan,  while  our  ship  was  in  the  ports  of  Kobe  and  Yoko- 
hama, and  on  March  14,  we  set  sail  for  San  Francisco,  arriving 
there,  March  30.  After  pleasant  meetings  in  our  churches  in 
Los  Angeles,  Denver,  Omaha,  and  Chicago,  I arrived  in  Day- 
ton,  Ohio,  in  good  health,  April  9,  just  six  months  after  my 
departure  for  the  Orient,  having  traveled  by  steamship,  rail- 
road, automobile,  jinrikisha,  carromatas,  ox-cart,  horse  back, 
and  on  foot,  all  told,  twenty-six  thousand  miles.  Thanks  be 
to  God  for  his  unfailing  goodness  and  guidance,  fulfilling  again 
Psalms  121,  “Jehovah  will  keep  thy  going  out  and  thy  coming 
in.” 

The  Controlling  Purpose  of  the  Visit. 

The  supreme  aim  of  the  visit  in  all  the  fields  was  to  see 
the  whole  situation  from  the  viewpoint  of  experienced  mis- 
sionaries and  native  pastors. 

While  it  was  necessary  to  study  in  detail  the  work  of  the 
various  stations,  and  to  have  frequent  conferences  with  the 
Christian  workers  in  other  churches  to  get  as  clear  a view  as 
possible  of  the  entire  work  already  accomplished  in  the  several 
fields,  and  also  a knowledge  of  those  methods  and  agencies 
whereby  the  several  missions  have  reached  their  best  results ; 
yet,  the  one  controlling  purpose  of  all  the  investigations  was  a 


5 


thorough  study  of  the  relation  of  our  own  Board  at  home  to 
the  Mission  Council  abroad,  and  of  the  Mission  Council  to  the 
native  church,  so  as  to  adopt  such  principles  and  methods 
of  work  as  shall  develop  the  strongest  possible  native  churches 
and  native  institutions,  and  place  our  work  abroad  in  such  an 
attitude  of  cooperation  with  other  missions  as  to  lead  our 
workers  to  see  the  problems,  and  catch  the  vision  and  the 
inspiration  of  the  entire  work.  / 

In  order  to  have  the  widest  range  of  facts  available  as  a 
guide  in  our  council  meetings,  I sought  definite  information 
before  leaving  America  from  the  secretaries  of  various  mission 
boards  that  are  conducting  missions  in  the  Orient,  concerning 
their  problems,  their  methods  of  work,  and  their  victories  in 
these  fields.  Then  during  the  entire  trip  while  on  sea  and 
land,  I had  interviews  with  many  missionaries,  heads  of 
educational  institutions,  Y.  M.  C.  A.  secretaries,  agents  of 
the  Bible  societies,  and  business  men  about  every  phase 
of  Christian  work.  I was  especially  privileged  to  have  two 
weeks  of  daily  association  on  ship  board  with  Bishop  Bashford 
who  has  spent  eight  years  in  China,  and  I had  extended  inter- 
views with  Bishop  Oldham  of  the  Philippines,  Bishop  Harris 
of  Korea,  and  Bishop  Honda  of  Japan  who  has  since  finished 
his  course  and  received  his  reward.  These  various  conferences 
were  most  illuminating,  and  furnished  a general  view  of  the 
present  conditions  and  movements  of  the  kingdom  of  God  in 
the  Far  East. 

To  our  own  missionaries,  I submitted  in  advance,  forty- 
four  leading  topics  and  questions  for  investigation.  These 
covered  the  various  phases  of  the  relation  of  the  Mission 
Council  to  the  native  church  and  to  the  home  Board,  also  the 
personal  problems  of  the  missionaries,  their  method  of  book- 
keeping, auditing  accounts,  and  of  making  out  their  annual 
budget  for  the  work ; how  to  make  the  native  churches  still 
more  powerful  in  soul-winning  and  in  self-support,  the  educa- 
tional institutions  necessary  for  the  training  of  a larger  force 
of  native  ministers ; likewise  a definite  statement  of  the  terri- 
tory belonging  to  us  as  yet  unoccupied,  and  the  American 
and  native  forces  necessary  to  evangelize  the  same;  also  the 
equipment  and  buildings  necessary  to  fully  occupy  our  several 
fields,  together  with  a statement  on  the  question  of  cooperation 
with  other  societies  in  union  educational  and  medical  work. 

As  the  result  of  these  inquiries  we  have  a large  amount 
of  information,  much  of  which,  because  of  the  brevity  of  this 
report,  cannot  be  included  here,  but  the  same  has  been  filed 
in  the  office  for  future  reference. 


6 


JAPAN 

The  sea  voyage  of  seventeen  days  from  San  Francisco 
was  an  excellent  preparation  for  the  new  experiences  and 
sights  in  Japan, 

“Where  beauty,  age,  and  mystery 
Combine  themselves  in  one.” 

The  people  of  Japan  are  most  active  and  aggressive.  Fifty 
years  ago  they  cut  loose  from  the  policy  of  isolation,  and 
launched  forth  into  the  world’s  work  with  other  strong  nations, 
and  they  have  since  been  reckoned  with  as  a strong  factor  in 
commerce,  in  education,  and  in  military  strength.  Everybody 
has  been  surprised  again  and  again  at  the  ability  of  the  Jap- 
anese to  assimilate  western  ideas  and  apply  them  in  transform- 
ing their  own  country.  It  is  surprising  to  witness  the  recon- 
struction that  is  now  going  on.  To  prepare  for  the  advent  of 
street  cars  I saw  the  houses  for  miles  and  miles  along  narrow 
congested  streets  torn  down,  the  streets  broadened  and  paved, 
and  modern  buildings  being  constructed. 

The  population  of  Japan  fifty  years  ago  was  thirty  millions. 
It  is  now  fifty  millions,  and  is  still  increasing  rapidly.  Her 
people  cannot  gain  a livelihood  by  opening  up  new  agricul- 
tural districts,  for  only  from  twelve  to  fourteen  per  cent, 
of  the  entire  area  of  Japan  is  susceptible  of  cultivation.  So 
the  Japanese  have  been  forced  to  enter  upon  a period  of  indus- 
trial and  commercial  activity.  New  industries  are  being 
fostered  in  many  places,  and  a most  aggressive  commercial 
policy  has  been  adopted,  and  already  Japanese  freight  and 
passenger  steamships  dominate  the  Orient,  and  their  lines  run 
out  to  Australia,  South  Africa,  and  South  America,  as  well  as 
to  India,  Great  Britain,  and  the  United  States. 

Japan  has  caught  a vision  of  her  possibilities  in  commerce; 
she  has  discovered  her  intellectual  ability,  as  her  splendid 
schools  testify ; she  has  become  proud  and  ambitious  on  ac- 
count of  her  military  achievements ; but  the  great  discovery, 
namely,  that  Jesus  Christ  and  his  kingdom  should  be  over  all 
and  first  of  all.  has  not  yet  enriched  the  millions  in  Japan. 

Missionary  Work  in  Japan. 

It  seems  incredible  that  but  fifty  years  ago  notice  boards 
were  standing  on  the  highways  of  lapan  announcing  that 
Christianity  is  a forbidden  religion.  Through  the  fatal  blunder 
on  the  part  of  Roman  Catholic  missionaries  three  centuries 
ago  the  Japanese  government  was  led  to  believe  that  they 
were  seeking  to  get  control  of  the  state. 


/ 


Accordingly,  in  1614,  an  edict  was  issued  that  all  mem- 
bers of  religious' orders,  whether  of  European  or  Japanese, 
should  be  sent  out  of  the  country.  The  persecutions  of  Chris- 
tians that  followed  were  most  horrible.  Some  were  hurled  from 
the  -top  of  precipices,  others  buried  alive  ; some  were  torn 
asunder  by  oxen  ; others  tied  up  in  rice  bags  and  heaped  to- 
gether and  the  pile  thus  formed  being  set  on  fire ; others  were 
tortured  before  death  by  the  insertion  of  sharp  spikes  under 
the  nails  of  their  hands  and  feet,  and  thus  by  this  cruel  and 
unrelenting  persecution  within  a few  years  all  visible  traces 
of  Christianity  were  stamped  out.  The  rank  and  file  in 
Japan  even  to-day  hold  secret  misgivings  concerning  the  real 
purpose  of  Christianity. 

But  a wonderful  change  is  coming.  Religious  liberty  has 
been  written  in  the  constitution  of  the  nation,  and  the  Bible 
which  fifty  years  ago  was  an  unknown  book,  is  now  printed 
and  scattered  far  and  wide  through  two  strong  Bible  societies 
by  all  the  missionary  agencies. 

During  my  visit  in  Japan,  the  fiftieth  anniversary  of  Dr. 
John  H.  Ballagh’s  work  as  a missionary  was  celebrated  in  a 
most  impressive  manner.  The  occasion  brought  out  the  oldest 
men  in  missionary  work  and  the  strongest  leaders  in  the  Prot- 
estant churches  in  Japan,  both  Japanese  and  foreign  mission- 
aries. Dr.  Ballagh  is  the  first  missionary  to  pass  fifty  years 
of  service  in  Japan.  This  unique  occasion  took  us  across 
almost  the  entire  period  of  missionary  activity,  and  impressed 
one  strongly  with  the  growth  and  present  strength  of  Protes- 
tant Christianity  in  the  country.  Fifty  years  ago  there  was 
not  a Protestant  Christian  in  Japan,  while  to-day  they  are 
found  in  every  walk  of  life,  members  of  parliament,  judges, 
professors  in  universities,  editors  of  papers,  and  officers  in 
the  army. 

Dr.  Ballagh  had  been  in  Japan  ten  years  before  the  first 
Protestant  church  was  organized  with  twelve  members.  There 
are  now  over  six  hundred  organized  churches  and  nearly  a 
thousand  other  churches  not  yet  fully  organized.  There 
are  twelve  hundred  Sunday  schools  with  ninety  thousand 
teachers  and  pupils,  and  the  native  churches  contributed  last 
year  for  their  own  support  about  one  hundred  and  forty 
thousand  dollars.  The  growth  in  the  church  membership  has 
been  as  follows : In  1882,  4,361  ; 1900,  42,461  ; and  at  the 
present  time  80,000  are  enrolled  in  Japanese  Protestant 
churches. 

But  the  power  of  Christianity  is  far  greater  than  these 
figures  would  indicate.  There  are  no  mass  movements  in 
Japan  such  as  are  found  in  India.  The  nation  is  everything, 
the  individual  is  out  of  sight.  Because  of  the  solidarity  of  the 


8 


Japanese  nation  and  the  handicap  put  on  Christian  education 
by  the  government  in  the  past,  every  inch  of  advance  had  to 
be  made  by  winning  individuals  one  at  a time  away  from 
prejudice  and  superstition.  Hence,  the  victories  achieved  rep- 
resent vastly  more  in  the  way  of  sacrifice  and  power  on  the 
part  of  the  Christian  Church  than  the  same  figures  would  show 
in  some  other  field. 

Christianity  Recognized. 

But  a most  Significant  change  has  recently  taken  place 
in  the  attitude  of  the  government  toward  Christianity.  Not 
only  Christian  statesmen  but  other  thinking  men  are  convinced 
that  Japan  must  have  a different  basis  for  her  spiritual  and 
moral  life.  The  prevalence  of  immorality  has  become  alarm- 
ing to  the  leaders.  Baron  Makina,  their  Minister  of  Educa- 


U.  B.  Compound,  Tokyo,  Japan, 

New  Shimo  Shibuya  Church  in  course  of  erection  in  the  rear 


tion,  says:  “'We  are  greatly  distressed  about  the  moral  con- 
dition of  the  students  and  the  low  character  of  the  ordinary 
lodging  houses  in  Japan.” 

During  the  last  six  months  many  of  the  leaders  in  Japan 
came  together  in  council  about  this  matter,  and  decided  to  call 
representatives  of  the  various  religious  sects  together  and 
counsel  with  them  on  this  subject.  This  conference  was 
actually  held  on  February  25,  last,  and  was  composed  of  rep- 
resentatives from  the  Christians,  the  Buddhists,  and  the  Shin- 
toists.  This  was  the  first  time  in  the  history  of  Japan  when 
she  actually  recognized  Protestant  Christianity  by  inviting 


9 


their  representatives  to  confer  with  the  government  on  spirit- 
ual and  moral  questions.  This  conference  has  produced  a 
profound  and  optimistic  impression  in  favor  of  Christianity. 
In  certain  cities  in  Japan,  government  officials  have  since  this 
conference  attended  Protestant  churches  in  a body,  because 
they  now  regard  the  action  of  the  government  as  a public 
recognition  of  the  power  of  Christianity. 

United  Brethren  Work. 

I found  the  work  of  our  missionaries  and  Japanese  pastors 
to  be  of  such  a splendid  character  as  to  commend  itself  most 
favorably  to  the  other  Christian  forces  in  the  Empire.  Doctor 
Howard  has  been  a member  of  the  executive  committee  of  the 
National  Sunday  School  Association.  He  has  acted  also  as 
chairman  of  the  Conference  of  Federated  Missions  for  the 
Empire,  and  recently  served  as  a member  of  the  committee 
to  investigate  and  report  on  unoccupied  fields  in  Japan. 

Rev.  Joseph  Cosand,  who  is  now  acting  as  treasurer  of 
the  mission,  has  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  all  the  Chris- 
tian workers  and  has  had  charge  of  the  building  of  the  new 
churches  erected  this  year  at  Harajiku  and  Shimo  Shibuya. 

Rev.  B.  F.  Shively  has  won  a large  place  in  the  confidence 
and  esteem  of  the  professors  and  students  of  the  Doshisha 
University. 

The  wives  of  our  missionaries  in  Japan  bear  their  share 
of  responsibility  for  the  work.  Through  personal  interviews, 
through  Bible  classes  and  cooking  classes,  as  well  as  through 
the  power  of  their  Christian  homes,  they  are  exerting  a great 
influence  for  the  kingdom  of  God. 

Our  Japanese  pastors  take  a prominent  part  in  the  national 
and  city  conventions  among  the  Japanese  churches,  and  they 
have  proved  themselves  to  be  most  efficient,  loyal  leaders  of 
their  local  churches.  They  receive  on  an  average  a salary  of 
$19  per  month. 

The  last  year  in  our  mission  in  Japan  there  were  added 
on  an  average,  seventeen  members  for  each  Japanese  pastor. 
The  growth  in  the  Methodist  and  Presbyterian  churches  shows 
an  average  increase  of  but  six  members  for  each  Japanese 
pastor,  while  for  the  Congregational  churches  the  average  for 
each  one  was  nineteen. 

The  past  year  has  been  a good  one  in  evangelistic  work  in 
Japan.  Our  membership  has  increased  from  589  to  733,  or 
a gain  of  twenty-four  per  cent. 

Present  Status  and  Needs. 

We  visited  personally  our  mission  work  at  Nihombashi, 
Honjo,  Harajiku,  Shimo  Shibuya,  Kyoto,  Otsu,  Osaka, 


10 


Nagoya,  and  Shizuoka;  held  preaching  services  at  each  place 
and  had  the  joy  of  seeing  a number  of  decisions  for  Christ. 
These  visitations  revealed  the  fact  that  our  seventeen  preach- 
ing places  are  supplying  the  only  privileges  of  the  gospel  to 
districts  as  follows : 

1.  Kyoto,  First  Church.  Field  to  be  evangelized,  20,000; 
a splendid  church  building  and  parsonage  for  Japanese  pastor 
valued  at  $8,000;  church  aggressive;  outlook  for  a strong 
church  and  self-support  most  hopeful. 

2.  Kyoto,  Second  Church.  District  18,000;  church  in  a 
rented  house;  present  need,  $4,000  for  a lot;  $2,500  for  a church 
building. 

3.  Osaka,  a city  of  1,200,000;  our  distinct  district,  100,000; 
church  in  rented  house;  present  urgent  need,  a church  lot, 
$5,000.  The  aggressive  congregation  and  pastor  declare  they 
will  erect  the  church  building  themselves  if  the  mission  provides 
the  lot. 

4.  Nagoya,  a large  city;  our  district  20,000;  greatly  need 
a church  lot,  $5,000;  church  building  $2,500. 

5.  Shizuoka,  a splendid  city.  Our  district,  10,000;  we  have 
a suitable  church  lot,  building,  and  parsonage  all  provided; 
value  of  same,  $1,750. 

6.  Numazu.  Our  district,  5,000;  the  present  needs,  $750 
for  a lot  and  $1,500  for  a church  building. 

7.  Odawara,  our  district,  6,000;  present  needs,  $750  for 
a lot;  $1,500  for  a church  building. 

8.  Honjo,  a section  of  Tokyo,  30,000  population;  a live 
church  at  work;  needs  a lot  $1,000;  church  building  $3,500. 

9.  Harajiku,  where  we  have  a most  up-to-date  new  church 
building  and  parsonage,  valued  at  $9,500;  a great  open  door  for 
a mighty  work  in  evangelism  and  the  training  of  students 
for  the  ministry. 

10.  Shimo  Shibuya,  adjacent  to  our  missionary  residences; 
district,  10,000;  a neat  church  building  has  been  erected  on  our 
own  lot;  value  of  lot  and  building,  $3,800;  an  excellent  oppor- 
tunity for  kindergarten  and  evangelistic  work. 

11.  Okubo.  Our  field,  15,000:  present  need,  $1,500  for  a 
lot  and  $2,500  for  church  building. 

12.  Otsu,  in  the  center  of  a district  of  100,000,  all  of  which 
should  be  assumed  by  our  Church  at  this  time;  present  need, 
for  lot,  $1,500;  for  church  building,  $1,500. 

13.  In  Funabashi,  Matsudo,  and  Noda  we  have  a good 
start  in  missionary  work;  populations  of  districts  respectively, 
20,000,  10,000,  and  15,000;  new  church  buildings,  and  lots  should 
be  provided  within  five  years.  Total  cost  for  these  places, 
$6,750. 

15.  Nihombashi,  a district  of  Tokyo  which  has  a population 
of  151,873,  and  in  this  district  there  are  but  three  chapels  with 
a total  seating  capacity  of  about  400.  Our  distinct  field  has 
a population  of  40,000.  Being  in  the  very  heart  of  the  caoital  of 
the  Empire,  the  lot  and  church  building  will  cost  $12,500.  This 
is  a most  pressing  and  important  need. 

A Great  Field  Unoccupied. 

During  the  last  eighteen  months  the  missionary  leaders 
of  Japan  have  undertaken  to  find  out  the  exact  religious 


11 


condition  of  the  Empire.  Most  thorough-going  investigations 
have  been  made,  and  the  statistics  are  being  tabulated  down 
to  the  population  of  the  little  villages  and  country  districts. 
The  results  announced  are  the  greatest  challenge  that  has 
ever  been  sent  out  from  Japan,  namely,  that  of  the  fifty  million 
people  in  the  Empire,  thirty-five  million  are  without  gospel 
privileges.  That  means  a greater  population  than  is  now  found 
in  all  the  States  of  the  United  States  west  of  the  Mississippi 
River. 

The  committee  reports  that  there  are  living  in  the  coun- 
try districts  and  in  over  4,000  towns,  each  ranging  from  two 
thousand  to  twenty  thousand  in  population,  fully  five-sevenths 
of  the  entire  population  of  Japan.  This  town  and  country 
population  has  been  practically  untouched  by  Christian  work 
as  yet.  They  are  sending  out  a challenge  to  the  churches 
of  America  to  send  them  evangelistic  missionaries  to  place 
one  in  each  district,  say  of  two  hundred  thousand  or  more 
people.  This  interdenominational  committee  has  asked  the 
United  Brethren  Church  to  assume  its  share  of  this  new  terri- 
tory. j 

The  first  district  offered  us  is  ChibU,  Khn,  a district  lying 
just  northeast  of  Tokyo,  in  which  there  ateTburteen  towns  and 
thirty-eight  villages,  with  a total  populating.  of  210,115.  We 
already  have  preaching  sendee's' in  three  of, -the  largest  towns, 
Funabashi,  Mafsudo,  and  Nd4a^C.'Here  is  "a  large,  compact 
field,  immediately  adjacent  to  our  pr'esenff  work  and  will  afford 
a first-class  opportunity  for  a strong  evangelistic  missionary 
to  do  telling  wojrk  for  God  during  the  next  twenty-five  years. 

The  other  [district  is  Shiga,  Ken,  of  which  Otsu  is  the 
capital.  In  this)  province  which  is  situated  just  east  of  Kyoto, 
there  is  a population  of  691,000.  At  least  100,000  of  this 
neglected  field  fehould  be  taken  by  us.  In  this  district  there 
are  150  unoccupied  towns,  each  with  a population  of  from  two 
thousand  to.  four  thousand.  In  the-  center  of  this  place,  Rev. 
Monroe  Crecelius  laid  down  his  life  some  years  ago.  What  is 
needed  is  a missionary  family  rvho  will  take  up  the  work  of 
this  fallen  hero,  and  go  among  the  towns  and  villages  organiz- 
ing and  developing  mission  circuits. 

The  Mission  Council  in  Japan  unanimously  recommends 
to  the  Board  that  we  plan  at  once  to  'enter  these  two  new 
districts  by  sending  out  soon  two  evangelistic  missionaries. 

p " W 

A Mighty  Task. 

When  one  considers  the  fact  that  in  Japan  there  is  prac- 
tically no  Sabbath,  that  the  chief  currents  of  social  and  political 
life  are  quite  anti-Christian,  that  there  has  been  a distinct 
revival  of  Buddhism  and  ancestral  worship,  and  that  five- 


13 


sevenths  of  the  entire  population  are  at  this  time  without  gos- 
pel privileges,  the  magnitude  of  the  task  that  is  before  the 
Christian  forces  appears  stupendous. 

We  may  well  inquire  along  what  lines  should  the  several 
missions  work  so  as  to  put  to  the  best  possible  use  the  lives 
of  their  missionaries  and  the  money  invested  for  the  evangeli- 
zation of  Japan. 

Three  Administrative  Bodies. 

It  will  be  well  to  remember  that  the  administrative  work 
of  foreign  missions  centers  in  three  bodies:  (1)  The  For- 
eign Mission  Board  in  the  United  States;  (2)  the  Mission 
Council  on  each  foreign  field  which  is  composed  of  all  the 
active  foreign  missionaries;  and  (3)  the  Foreign  Mission 
Conference  or  native  church  in  each  foreign  field.  It  is  well 
to  keep  the  functions  of  each  of  these  clearly  in  mind.  The 
Foreign  Mission  Board  holds  the  right  to  pass  finally  upon  all 
matters  of  administration,  but  increasingly  large  liberty  is 
given  to  the  foreign  missionaries  in  their  council  meetings 
to  decide  questions  for  the  development  of  their  work. 

Some  one  has  said  that  the  foreign  missionary  does  not 
exist  for  the  Mission  Board,  but  that  the  Mission  Board  exists 
for  the  foreign  missionary.  A better  statement  would  be, 
that  both  the  Foreign  Mission  Board  and  the  foreign  mission- 
ary exist  for  the  development  of  the  native  church.  As  the 
native  church  increases  in  numbers  and  in  administrative 
ability,  the  Foreign  Mission  Board  and  Mission  Council  should 
place  upon  it  more  and  more  authority  to  develop  and  direct 
its  own  work. 

Strength  and  Initiative  of  Japanese  Pastors. 

After  a close  study  of  the  work  of  the  several  missions 
in  Japan,  I was  profoundly  impressed  with  the  strength  and 
initiative  of  the  Japanese  pastors,  and  their  two  hundred  local 
churches  that  have  already  attained  to  self-support.  In  no 
other  mission  field  in  the  world  can  there  be  found  such  ener- 
getic, able  native  pastors,  and  such  a large  number  of  self- 
supporting,  self-directing  native  churches.  I found  that  a 
large  share  in  the  management  and  control  of  the  mission 
work  has  passed  already  into  the  hands  of  the  Japanese  pas- 
tors and  laymen.  This  is  a source  of  profound  thanksgiving  to 
God,  for  it  is  toward  the  goal  of  self-supporting,  self-governing, 
and  self-extending  native  churches  that  we  are  striving  in  all 
the  foreign  fields. 

Cooperating  with  the  Native  Church. 

I studied  with  great  interest  the  steps  already  taken  to 
form  Japanese  self-controlling  churches.  I found  four  groups 


14 


of  them  that  have  attained  self-support  and  self-control, 
namely,  the  Kumiai,  with  which  the  Congregational  Mission 
is  cooperating ; the  Church  of  Christ  with  which  the  Presbyter- 
ians, the  German  Reformed  and  the  Dutch  Reformed  Missions 
are  cooperating;  the  United  Methodist  Japanese  Church  with 
which  the  Methodist  Episcopal,  Methodist  Church  of  Canada, 
and  Methodist  Church  South,  are  cooperating;  and  the  Japan- 
ese Episcopal  Church  with  which  six  societies  in  Great  Britain 
and  Canada,  and  the  United  States  are  cooperating. 

These  four  Japanese  communions  or  churches  have  en- 
rolled at  least  eighty  per  cent,  of  the  entire  Protestant  church 
membership  in  Japan.  Their  general  plan  of  organization  and 
work  is  as  follows:  The  self-supporting  churches  of  each  of 
these  groups  of  missions  were  united  into  a Japanese  Church, 
the  chief  responsibility  being  put  into  the  hands  of  the  Japan- 
ese pastors  and  laymen.  A home  missionary  society  has  been 
organized  by  each  Japanese  Communion  thus  constituted,  for 
extending  its  work  in  Japan,  but  as  only  a small  part  of  the 
task  already  begun  in  the  several  missions  could  be  supported 
by  these  Japanese  churches,  the  several  missions  have  agreed 
among  themselves  to  be  responsible  for  a certain  amount  of 
the  home  missionary  work  already  begun,  and  for  the  starting 
of  work  in  some  of  the  new  places  to  be  entered.  Thus  each 
mission  is  taking  hold  of  many  weak  churches  and  new  places, 
and  developing  them  into  self-supporting  local  churches,  and 
then  turning  them  over  to  the  Japanese  Communion  with 
which  it  is  cooperating. 

In  working  out  this  plan  there  has  been  much  thought  and 
energy  given  to  it  by  both  the  missionaries  and  the  Japanese 
pastors.  The  results  achieved  will  be  a great  contribution 
toward  a satisfactory  solution  of  the  problem  of  an  aggressive, 
united  native  church  in  all  the  mission  fields  of  the  world. 

After  carefully  studying  the  problem  of  cooperation  on 
the  field,  it  was  the  combined  judgment  of  the  missionaries 
and  the  secretary  that  in  order  to  give  the  Japanese  pastors 
the  largest  fellowship,  inspiration,  and  responsibility  for  the 
evangelization  of  their  own  country,  our  mission  with  others 
not  yet  cooperating  with  one  of  the  four  mentioned  groups 
of  Japanese  churches,  should  seek  to  do  so;  or  by  committee 
or  otherwise  seek  to  bring  these  four  groups  of  Japanese 
churches,  together  with  all  the  other  Christian  churches.,  into 
one  well  organized  aggressive  Japanese  church  so  as  to- bring 
the  combined  impact  of  Christianity  to  bear  upon  the  super- 
human problems  before  the  Christian  Church  in  Japan. 

On  December  19,  last,  a federal  council  of  the  Japanese 
churches  was  formed  to  study  their  common  problems  and  to 
work  together  for  a common  goal.  This  was  a most  signifi- 


15 


cant  movement,  and  will  enable  the  Japanese  native  churches 
to  cooperate  with  the  committee  formed  by  the  Protestant 
missions  in  Japan,  which  committee  has  been  at  work  for  some 
time. 

A Christian  University  for  Japan. 

It  became  very  clear  in  our  discussions  that  in  addition 
to  the  closer  federation  of  the  Japanese  churches,  the  outstand- 
ing need  in  Japan  is  for  a Christian  university.  Dr.  D.  B. 
Schneder,  the  president  of  the  Conference  of  Federated  Mis- 
sions in  Japan,  recently  voiced  this  need  as  follows:  “If  Chris- 
tianity is  to  fulfill  its  mission  it  needs  first  of  all  preachers 
of  the  gospel  who  are  thoroughly  educated  in  first  class,  vigor- 
ous Christian  institutions  of  learning.  A university  is  the  great 
need  of  the  hour  in  Christian  education  in  Japan,  and  to 
bring  this  widely  cherished  dream  into  reality  one  strong 
united,  undaunted  effort  should  by  all  means  be  made  at 
this  point  in  the  history  of  Christian  work  in  Japan.” 

While  I was  in  Japan,  definite  steps  were  taken  by  the 
trustees  of  the  Doshisha  college  to  meet  this  expressed  need, 
by  extending  its  courses  so  as  to  become  a Christian  university. 
The  government  has  already  approved  this  action  and  the 
Doshisha  now  enters  upon  a career  of  marvelous  opportunity. 
The  alumni  and  friends  of  the  institution  in  Japan  are  rallying 
to  its  support. 

Our  mission  has  for  more  than  ten  years  been  cooperat- 
ing with  the  Doshisha,  first  by  sending  Rev.  J.  Edgar  Ivnipp  as 
our  representative  on  the  faculty,  and  more  recently  by  sup- 
porting Rev.  B.  F.  Shively  as  a professor  in  this  school. 

We  had  two  extended  interviews  with  President  Harada 
and  other  members  of  the  faculty  of  the  Doshisha,  discussing 
its  future  aims  and  policies,  and  we  suggested  to  them  that 
our  representative  be  given,  if  possible,  a professorship  in 
the  theological  department  of  the  institution,  where  he  could 
be  a greater  help  to  our  own  students  preparing  for  the  minis- 
try. 

We  suggested  that  a department  of  Religious  Pedagogy, 
including  the  principles  of  Sunday-school  teaching,  organiza- 
tion and  methods,  might  be  desirable  in  the  larger  university 
scheme. 

This  matter  was  considered  by  the  faculty  of  the  univer- 
sity and  on  my  second  visit  to  Japan,  President  Harada  sent 
me  the  following  communication: 

“The  suggestion  made  at  the  time  of  your  visit  to  Kyoto  last 
November,  we  heartily  welcome.  In  addition  to  systematic  instruc- 
tion in  the  correct  principles  of  Sunday-school  teaching,  organization 
and  methods,  we  wish  to  have  an  American  to  drill  the  students  in 
practical  English,  both  conversation  and  composition,  and  to  introduce 


16 


them  to  choice  passages  in  English  religious  literature,  especially  to  the 
best  hymns  and  poetry.  We  would  like  to  ask  whether  Mr.  Shively 
would  not  be  willing  to  take  up  this  work  in  connection  with  the  other. 
If  this  should  meet  your  approval  and  that  of  Mr.  Shively,  we  hereby 
extend  him  a most  cordial  invitation  to  the  joint  work  in  our  theo- 
logical school.  We  shall  be  much  pleased  if  Mr.  Shively  can,  during 
his  furlough,  make  special  preparation  with  a view  to  taking  up  this 
work  upon  his  return,  and  if  the  preference  of  the  school  be  ex- 
pressed, the  sooner  Mr.  Shively’s  furlough  be  taken  the  better  for  the 
carrying  out  of  our  plans.  We  sincerely  hope  that  this  invitation 
and  suggestion  may  receive  favorable  consideration. 

“My  second  request  is  this:  We  are  in  great  need  of  an  addi- 
tional Japanese  professor  for  our  theological  department,  one  who  is 
a specialist  in  the  Old  Testament.  The  funds  at  our  disposal  do  not 
provide  for  this.  The  question  I venture  to  ask  is,  whether  it  may 
not  be  possible  for  your  Board  to  provide  the  amount  needed,  namely 
$600  a year,  either  in  the  form  of  an  endowment,  yielding  that  amount 
or  as  an  annual  grant.  You  can  easily  understand  that  ' if  our 
theological  school  is  to  take  rank  as  a university  of  efficiency,  we 
must  substantially  increase  our  force  of  specially  trained  teachers. 

“Hoping  that  you  may  see  your  way  to  granting  this,  and  thus 
to  taking  an  important  part  in  the  upbuilding  of  this  important  Chris- 
tian university  in  Japan,  I am, 

“Sincerely  yours, 

TASUKU  HARADA.” 

This  ought  to  be  said.  Some  of  our  most  able  native 
pastors  like  Mr.  Ishiguro,  have  received  their  training  in  the 
Doshisha.  We  now  have  there  three  students  in  training  for 
the  ministry.  Our  superintendent,  Dr.  Howard,  says,  “If 
we  had  no  connection  with  a school  of  this  sort,  it  would  cost 
us  far  more  to  run  a training  school  of  our  own,  and  even  at 
the  greater  expense  our  men  could  not  get  the  inspiration 
and  preparation  they  receive  in  this  great  university.” 

While  non-Christians  may  contribute  to  the  support  of 
the  secular  department  of  the  Doshisha  they  cannot  be  counted 
on  to  support  the  theological  department.  Christian  men 
and  churches  and  missions  must  bear  this  responsibility. 


Two  Recommendations  Touching  the  Doshisha. 

Our  Mission  Council,  therefore,  recommended  to  this 
Board  the  following: 

First. — That  the  request  of  the  Doshisha  University  con- 
cerning the  special  training  and  future  work  of  Rev.  Mr. 
Shively  in  said  institution  be  granted,  and  that  in  compliance 
with  President  Harada’s  desire,  Mr.  Shively  be  ready  to  take 
up  his  work  in  the  university  not  later  than  the  fall  of  1914. 

Second. — That  we  assume  the  support  of  a Japanese 
professor  in  the  theological  department  of  the  Doshisha,  as 
per  the  request  of  the  president,  at  a cost  of  six  hundred  dol- 
lars per  year. 


17 


Aims  and  Methods  to  Make  Powerful  the  Japanese  Church. 

The  discussions  during  our  ten  days’  counsels,  and  while 
with  the  Japanese  pastors  and  churches,  reached  the  highest 
point  of  interest  and  intensity  when  we  considered  the  aims 
and  methods  that  should  be  employed  to  make  every  local 
church  a mighty  evangelistic  center,  and  powerful  in  the  prin- 
ciples of  self-support  and  self-extension. 

Policies  Approved. 

After  much  discussion  and  investigation  the  Mission 
Council  unanimously  adopted  the  following,  which  should  not 
be  regarded  as  a statement  for  other  fields : 

First. — In  order  to  avoid  confusion  of  responsibility,  the  mission 
definitely  declares  its  object  to  be  the  development  of  self-governing 
and  self-supporting  churches;  and  therefore,  after  a church  has  been 
organized  and  the  necessary  officers  are  elected,  the  church  shall  be 
directly  responsible  for  its  own  support,  and  all  funds  contributed 
by  the  mission  for  the  future  development  of  an)'  organized  church 
shall  be  considered  merely  as  a grant  in  aid  and  should  pass  through 
the  hands  of  the  treasurer  or  other  properly  accredited  officer  of  the 
local  church. 

Second. — That  the  Mission  Council  should  aid  the  Japanese 
pastors  in  every  reasonable  way  in  laying  special  emphasis  upon 
making  each  local  church  already  established  not  only  self-supporting 
in  the  shortest  possible  time,  but  increasingly  strong  in  evangelism 
and  powerful  through  gifts  and  prayer  in  the  extension  of  the  kingdom 
of  God  beyond  its  own  community;  and  that  the  Mission  Council 
should  make  grants  to  new  fields  with  caution,  doirjg  so  only  as 
rapidly  as  is  consistent  with  the  development  of  those  churches  already 
established  and  as  available  financial  aid  shall  justify. 

A Joint  Committee  and  Its  Functions. 

Inasmuch  as  the  working  out  of  the  foregoing  policy 
depends  largely  upon  the  efforts  of  our  Japanese  co-workers 
we  believe  that  they  should  assume  and  bear  an  important 
share  of  the  responsibility  in  planning  for  and  accomplishing 
these  ends.  We  therefore  record  our  desire  that  in  the  future: 

1.  The  preparation  of  the  budget  necessary  for  the  development 
of  the  churches  connected  with  the  annual  conference  be  entrusted 
to  a joint  budget  committee  composed  of  one  Japanese  pastor  and 
one  layman  from  each  of  the  two  districts  of  the  annual  conference 
who  shall  be  elected  by  the  conference,  and  two  missionaries  appointed 
by  the  Mission  Council;  of  this  budget  committee  the  mission  super- 
intendent shall  be  a member  ex-officio  and  its  chairman. 

2.  The  duties  of  the  budget  committee  shall  be  to  prepare  a 
careful  estimate  of  the  expenses  of  all  work  pertaining  to  the  annual 
conference  and  determine  the  sources  from  which  the  necessary 
income  shall  be  derived. 

While  the  members  of  the  mission  view  with  sympathy  every 
attempt  to  secure  a reasonable  and  comfortable  income  for  every 
consecrated,  diligent  pastor,  the  budget  committee  shall  not  have 
power  to  increase  the  salary  grants  paid  by  the  mission.  This  is 
reserved  for  the  Mission  Council. 


18 


3.  In  addition  to  the  responsibility  of  promoting  the  development 
of  the  churches  already  organized,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  budget 
committee  to  recommend  the  order  in  which  new  churches  shall  be 
organized,  and  also  the  order  in  which  aid  shall  be  given  in  the 
acquisition  of  church  properties  and  the  approximate  minimum  amount 
to  be  expended.  In  the  acquisition  of  new  church  properties,  although 
the  fullest  possible  conference  and  agreement  with  the  budget  com- 
mittee and  the  official  board  of  the  local  church  shall  be  sought,  so 
long  as  the  mission  contributes  more  than  one-half  of  the  sum  neces- 
sary for  the  ground  and  buildings,  when  aid  is  given,  the  mission 
shall  have  final  authority  to  purchase  lots  and  decide  on  plans  of 
church  buildings  and  supervise  the  construction  of  the  same. 

4.  The  budget  committee  shall  meet  at  a time  convenient  to 
itself,  and  review  the  financial  transactions  of  the  previous  year  and 
prepare  a carefully  itemized  budget  which  shall  then,  if  desired,  be 
presented  to  the  annual  conference  for  ratification,  or  amendment, 
by  a two-thirds  vote.  The  budget  as  approved  by  the  annual  confer- 
ence shall  then  be  considered  by  the  Mission  Council  for  final  endorse- 
ment or  amendment. 

The  budget  thus  ratified  or  amended  by  the  Mission  Council 
shall  be  forwarded  to  the  General  Secretary  of  the  Foreign  Mission 
Board  and  a duplicate  copy  handed  to  the  secretary  of  the  Japan 
Annual  Conference. 

By  our  Japanese  Conference  a definite  policy  has  been 
adopted  whereby  the  local  churches  shall  become  self-support- 
ing within  at  least  twenty  years.  Some  of  the  churches  are 
making  progress  toward  full  self-support  much  more  rapidly 
than  the  schedule  requires,  while  others  are  not  quite  up  to 
the  standard.  During  our  conferences,  a decided  conviction  to 
achieve  greater  results  along  the  line  of  self-support,  was 
ag'ain  and  again  manifested. 

SUMMARY  OF  NEEDS  AND  APPROVED  ADVANCES 

Here  then  is  the  summary  of  needs  recommended  at  this 
time  for  Japan : 

(1)  That  we  accept  the  two  needy  districts,  Chiba  Ken 
and  Shiga  Ken,  with  their  300,000  people,  as  ours  to  evangelize, 
and  that  two  additional  missionaries  be  sent  out  to  occupy 
these  districts. 

(2)  The  support  of  a Japanese  professor  in  the  theo- 
logical department  of  the  Doshisha. 

Total  annual  increase  in  the  current  expenses  of  the  mis- 
sion, $3,100. 

(3)  For  lots,  new  buildings  and  equipment  already  men- 
tioned in  detail  in  this  report,  all  of  which  should  be  provided 
within  five  years,  $54,250. 

(4)  The  mission  asks  the  Board  to  grant  authority  to 
purchase  at  once  a lot  and  erect  a church  building  in  the 
central  district  of  Tokyo,  for  our  Nihombashi  church,  where 
forty  thousand  people  look  to  us  for  the  gospel.  This  lot  and 
church  will  cost  $12,500. 


19 


In  conclusion  may  I say  one  cannot  but  admire  the  Japan- 
ese people  because  of  their  courtesy,  their  ambition,  and  their 
aggressiveness.  What  a contribution  will  come  to  the  Church 
of  Christ  when  the  millions  of  Japan  see  him  as  their  life  and 
their  Lord,  and  yield  their  splendid  talents  to  make  his  king- 
dom universal!  It  is  well  worth  while  to  win  such  a people 
to  Jesus  Christ,  and  turn  their  activities  into  channels  for  the 
uplift  of  the  world. 

In  our  interviews  and  counsels  with  the  Japanese  pastors 
it  was  made  clear  and  emphatic  that  God  expects  every  pastor 
and  every  Christian  to  be  his  instrument  in  winning  souls  as 
a daily  practice  all  through  life,  that  the  privilege  of  receiving 
the  gospel  carries  with  it  the  obligation  and  responsibility 
of  giving  the  gospel  to  others,  that  no  Christian  can  live  a 
life  of  full  power  without  working  with  Christ  to  save  others. 

The  spirit  that  is  taking  hold  of  the  Japanese  pastors  is 
shown  by  the  remarks  of  Rev.  Mr.  Ishiguro  in  our  parting  mo- 
ments. I asked  him  for  a message  from  the  Bible  that  would 
express  his  supreme  purpose.  He  replied,  “Watch  thou  in 
all  things,  endure  afflictions,  do  the  work  of  an  evangelist, 
make  full  proof  of  thy  ministry.”  Then  he  went  on  to  say : 
“My  ambition  is  not  for  a high  position  as  bishop,  or  president 
of  some  school.  My  one  desire  is  to  be  like  Paul,  to  preach 
the  gospel,  to  establish  Christian  churches  in  many  places,  and 
to  build  up  strong  self-supporting  churches  soon;  That  is 
my  purpose.  Now,  won’t  you  pray  for  me,  and  please  ask  my 
friends  in  America  to  pray  also  that  Christ  may  give  me 
power  to  do  this?” 


20 


CHINA. 

When  I left  America  on  October  17,  last,  no  thoughtful 
man  would  have  predicted  that  the  Chinese  Empire,  with  a 
history  reaching  far  back  of  ancient  Rome,  Egypt,  and  Baby- 
lon, would  have  become  a republic  within  four  years;  but  the 
most  colossal  transformation  in  history  has  taken  place  within 
four  months. 

The  revolution  swept  like  a prairie  fire  over  all  China, 
a new  republic  has  been  organized,  and  China,  with  one- 
fourth  of  the  world’s  population,  now  swings,  suddenly  into  a 
forward  march  with  the  most  progressive  nations  on  earth. 
Truly  the  hour  has  struck  when  God  fulfills  prophecy — a 
nation  born  in  a day. 

One  hundred  and  five  years  ago,  when  Robert  Morrison 
started  for  China  as  its  first  Protestant  missionary,  a man  of 
prominence  in  New  York  City  sneeringlv  said  to  him,  “And 
so,  Mr.  Morrison,  you  really  expect  to  make  an  impression  on 
the  idolatry  of  China?”  “No,  sir,”  he  replied;  “I  expect  God 
will.” 

Since  that  day  there  has  been  a century  of  conflict,  most 
fierce  at  times,  between  light  and  darkness,  and  Lowell’s 
significant  lines  have  been  again  fulfilled: 

“ Truth  forever  on  the  scaffold, 

Wrong  forever  on  the  throne; 

Yet  that  scaffold  sways  the  future, 

And  behind  the  dim  unknown, 

Standeth  God  within  the  shadows 
Keeping  watch  above  his  own.” 

At  the  time  of  the  crisis  in  the  revolution,  the  emperor 
at  Peking,  in  his  distress,  went  forth  to  worship  his  ancestors 
and  call  upon  their  spirits  for  help,  while  General  Li,  at  the 
head  of  the  revolutionary  army,  made  his  appeal  to  the  living' 
God.  Our  Lord  suddenly  stretched  forth  his  mighty  hand 
against  those  who  rejected  his  messengers,  and  he  has  tri- 
umphed gloriously,  fulfilling  in  a wonderful  way  before  our 
own  eyes  the  second  Psalm  : “Why  do  the  heathen  rage,  and 
the  people  imagine  a vain  thing?  The  kings  of  the  earth  set 
themselves,  and  the  rulers  take  counsel  together,  against  the 
Lord,  and  against  his  anointed,  saying,  Let  us  break  their 
bands  asunder,  and  cast  away  their  cords  from  us.  He  that 
sitteth  in  the  heavens  shall  laugh,  the  Lord  shall  have  them 
in  derision.  Then  shall  he  speak  unto  them  in  his  wrath,  and 
vex  them  in  his  sore  displeasure.  . . . Ask  of  me,  and  I 

shall  give  thee  the  heathen  for  thine  inheritance,  and  the 


21 


uttermost  parts  of  the  earth  for  thy  possession.  Thou  shalt 
break  them  with  a rod  of  iron  ; thou  shalt  dash  them  in  pieces 
like  a potter’s  vessel.  Be  wise  now,  therefore,  O ye  kings : 
be  instructed,  ye  judges  of  the  earth.” 

Causes  Which  Led  to  the  Revolution. 

China,  by  her  geographical  position  has  been  shut  off 
from  the  rest  of  the  world,  and  so  has  been  a nation  unto 
herself.  About  two  hundred  and  seventy  years  ago  the 
Manchus  came  down  from  the  north  and  assisted  China  to 
win  a military  victory.  They  then  took  possession  of  the 
throne  themselves,  and  so  China  has,  since  that  time,  been 
ruled  by  an  alien  race.  The  Manchus  adopted  the  fatal  policy 
of  sternly  opposing  Christianity  and  western  education. 
Everywhere  they  prevented  talented,  capable  Chinese  from 
doing  the  work  they  by  special  training  were  fitted  to  do. 


Burning  of  Hankow,  China,  during  the  Revolution. 


The  emperor  and  his  associates  accumulated  vast  wealth. 
The  sense  of  security  led  them  to  indolence,  unrestrained 
luxury  and  vice.  Two  rival  clans  sprang  up  among  the 
Manchus,  the  red  girdle  clan  and  the  yellow  girdle  clan. 
These  opposed  each  other  in  carrying  out  national  policies, 
and  thus  presented  the  weakness  of  a divided  house. 

A New  Force  for  Righteousness. 

On  the  other  hand,  Christian  missions  had  entered  China 
and  established  schools  and  churches.  Many  of  the  young 
men  and  young  women  had  caught  the  spirit  of  Jesus  Christ 
and  were  being  trained  in  the  principles  of  Western  education. 


22 


A new  force  was  silently  but  powerfully  permeating  the  lives 
of  the  leaders  of  new  China.  Many  of  these,  in  addition  to 
the  training  received  in  China,  took  post-graduate  courses  at 
Yale,  Harvard,  Columbia,  and  other  universities  in  America. 

The  humiliation  of  China  in  the  war  with  Japan,  and  later 
in  the  Boxer  uprising,  revealed  her  weakness  to  the  outside 
world,  and  to  the  Chinese  leaders  themselves,  and  caused  the 
young  men  who  had.. seen  a vision  of.  China’s  possibilities  to 
set  to  work  to  deliver  their  empire  from  the  misrule  and  op- 
pression of  the  Manchus,  and  from  that  time  forward  they 
stood  out  strongly  for  -liberty,  freedom,  and  a righteous 
opportunity. 

The  Wrath  of  Man  Made  to  Praise  God. 

In  the  meantime  the  anti-opium  crusade  led  by  the  best 
element  of  the  awakened  Chinese  and  by  the  missionary 
forces,  revealed  to  China  for  the  first  time  the  power  of  the 
platform.  Many  who  have  wide  knowledge  of  the  situation 
in' China  declare  that  the  revolutionary  forces’  "could  not  have 
won  asThey  did  if  it  had  not  been  for  the  training  that  thou- 
sands of'-y:oung;  Chinese  received  duringTlhe  anti-opiitm'  cru- 
sade. The  wonderful7  -success  oY  the  anft-opium  movement 
filled  these  young  leaders'nvith  confidence  in  their  ability  to 
do  things.  The  young.  ChineseCh^y>discov.ered  themselves, 
and  they  felt  that  ?qther  mighty  .movements  were  possible. 

i . Y „,C  .TV'-'  ; 

Student  Key-Men.  A 

Doctor  Sun  Yat.Sen  and  his  assrtJeiMes  for  twenty  years 
: have  been  raising  money  for  the  revolution,  'a'nd  propagating 
their  views  on  political  freedom  among  the  Chinese  students 
Tn  Japan  and  United  States,  and  training  them  to  be  ready 
when  they  returned  to  China  for  the  conflict  when  the  time 
for  action  arrived.  In  an  important  sense  the  studeifts  changed 
China  from  a monarchy  to  a republic. 

The  Influence  of  General  Washington. 

The  Chinese  have  been  studying  the  life  of  George  Wash- 
ington and  the  history  of  the  American  Revolution.  It  was  a 
constant  surprise  to  me  to  see  the  influence  of  George  Wash- 
ington in  China.  Years  ago  in  the  public  schools  of  Pennsyl- 
vania Ave  used  to  read  the  oration  of  Edward  Everett  on 
Washington  as  follows:  “Beyond  Ohio,  beyond  the  Mis- 
sissippi, along  that  stupendous  trail  of  immigration  from  East 
to  West,  which,  bursting  into  States  as  itf  moves  westward, 
the  name  and  memory  of  Washington  will  travel  with  the 
silver  queen  of  heaven  through  sixty  degrees  of  longitude,  nor 
part  company  with  her  till  she  walks  in  her  brightness  through 
the  Golden  Gate.  And  in  barbarous  archipelagoes,  as  yet 


23 


untrodden  by  civilized  man,  there,  and  there  only,  the  name 
of  Washington  is  unknown ; and  there,'  too,  when  they  swarm 
with  enlightened  millions,  new  honors  with  ours  shall  be 
paid  to  his  memory.” 

I saw  this  prophecy  fulfilled  in  the  Hawaii  Islands,  in 
Japan,  and  in  the  Philippines,  and  in  a most  unexpected  man- 
ner in  China.  As  the  revolution  swept  the  Manchus  from 
South  China,  prominent  Chinese  remarked,  “George- Wash- 
ington did  it.”  I was  informed  that  in  a reader  for  the  public 
schools  in  central  China,-  four  characters  were  presented; 
namely,  Washington,  Lincoln,  Roosevelt,  and  Confucius. 

American  Heroism  Inspires  Chinese. 

The  Chinese  newspapers  backed  up  strongly  the  revolu- 
tionary forces,  as  the  following  paragraph  from  a Shanghai 
paper,  written  after  a temporary  defeat,  illustrates : “If  we 
have  successes  we  must  also  have  defeats.  Now,  unfortu- 
nately, we  have  the  news  of  defeat  at  Hanyang.  What  we 
have  lost  is  only  a corner.  The  New  World  fought  seven 
years  of  bloody  warfare  before  it  won  its  independence.  The 
colonists  were  often  defeated  and  often  victorious  before  they 
cast  off  the  yoke  of  Britain  and  set  up  the  imposing  republic 
which  has  become  one  of  the  great' powers  in  the  world.  "Now 
their  people  enjoy  the  blessing  of  equality  and  breathe  the 
air  of  liberty.  This  was  won  for  them  by  the  blood  and  iron 
of  their  ancestors.  Had  the  Americans  lost  heart  because  of 
repeated  defeats  during  their  bloody  seven  years’  struggle, 
and  gone  about  hanging  down  their  heads  and  begging  for 
peace,  or  had  they  held  back  and  refused  to  advance,  would 
they  to-day  be  in  the  glorious  position  in  which  they  find 
themselves?  The  heroic  quality  of  their  stubborn  'strength 
leads  us  to  honor  and  bow  down-  to  them.  Now  we  are  fight- 
ing for  liberty,  for  a republic.  We  wish  to  be  reckoned 
amongst  the  great  powers  of  the  earth.  We  refuse  to.  be 
cattle  or  slaves.” 

Christian  Counselors  Save  China. 

The  integrity  of  China  was  in  the  balances  for  several 
Aveeks  as  the  conflict  between  Peking  and  the  South  became 
more  and  more  acute.  A distressing  famine  and  reports  of 
robber  bands  plundering  and  stealing,  made  the  situation  more 
complex  and  difficult.  Then  Russia  became  aggressive' and 
took  steps  to  get  control  of  Mongolia  under  the  pretext  of 
maintaining  order.  At  the  same  time  Japan  increased  her 
force  of  soldiers  in  Manchuria. 

The  Christian  statesmen  saw  the  situation  was  of  such  a 
character  as  would  certainly  lead  to  the  intervention  of  the 
powers  and  the  partition  of  China  unless  vigorous  and  prompt 


24 


action  was  taken  at  Peking.  It  was  very  fortunate  for  China 
that  she  had  in  her  midst  such  men  as  Bishop  Bashford,  Mr. 
Thwing,  General  Secretary  of  the  International  Reform 
Bureau  for  China,  and  Dr.  Gilbert  Reed,  Director  of  the  In- 
ternational Institute,  which  has  been  recognized  by  the 
Chinese  government.  These  men  and  others  were  consulted 
by  the  leaders  on  both  sides.  Bishop  Bashford  assured  the 
authorities  that  the  uprising  was  from  God  and  could  no 
more  be  prevented  than  the  tides  of  the  ocean  could  be  pushed 
back.  He  urged  the  leaders  on  both  sides  to  get  together 
and  prevent  the  powers  from  dividing  up  China. 

Mr.  Thwing  sent  the  following  telegram  to  the  Empress 
Dowager  and  the  princes  at  Peking:  “I  have  resided  in  China 
for  many  years  and  have  hoped  for  China  to  reform  and  become 
rich  and  powerful.  I have  gone  down  south  and  am  acquainted 
with  the  desires  of  the  people  of  the  southern  provinces,  who 
wish  to  accord  favorable  treatment  to  the  Imperial  house  and 
change  to  a republic.  I am  on  good  terms  with  the  Chinese  and 
the  Manchus,  and  cannot  bear  to  sit  as  I watch  them  destroy 
themselves,  so  that  as  in  the  struggle  between  the  shellfish 
and  the  eagle  known  in  tradition,  the  fisherman  was  able  to 
capture  both.  I hope  that  China  will  soon  confer  the  blessing 
of  a republic  on  the  people,  so  that  not  only  destruction  of 
lives  may  be  obviated,  but  that  no  opportunity  be  given  to 
other  countries  to  take  advantage  of  the  situation.” 

Dr.  Gilbert  Reed  visited  in  person  the  officials  at  Peking 
and  presented  strong  reasons  for  the  throne  to  abdicate 
speedily.  No  one  who  knows  the  inner  situation  can  doubt 
the  power  of  these  Christian  statesmen  in  that  hour  of  crisis. 

Abdication  of  Throne,  New  President  Takes  Oath. 

On  February  12,  the  edicts  announcing  the  Imperial  ab- 
dication were  signed,  and  Dr.  Sun  Yat  Sen,  to  unite  the  whole 
country,  resigned  as  president  in  favor  of  Premier  Yuan  Shi 
Kai,  an  act  that  will  forever  enshrine  him  not  only  in  the 
hearts  of  the  millions  of  China,  but  of  the  whole  civilized 
world.  After  numerous  conferences,  the  National  Assembly 
elected  Yuan  Shi  Kai  as  president  of  the  republic  of  China, 
and  adopted  a provisional  constitution  which  contains  fifty- 
six  articles,  the  fifth  and  sixth  of  which  state:  “The  people  of 
the  Republic  of  China  will  be  treated  equally,  without  any 
distinction  of  race,  class,  or  religion.  The  people  have  liberty 
of  religion.” 

On  March  10,  President  Yuan  Shi  Kai  took  the  following 
oath:  “I  shall  endeavor  faithfully  to  develop  the  republic, 
to  sweep  away  the  disadvantages  attached  to  absolute  mon- 
archy, to  observe  the  laws  of  the  constitution,  to  increase  the 
welfare  of  the  country,  to  cement  together  a strong  nation 


25 


From  “The  Chinese  Revolution” 
President  Yuan  Shi  Kai. 

Oi  the  Great  Republic  of  China. 


26 


which  shall  embrace  all  five  races.  When  the  National  Assem- 
bly elects  a permanent  president,  I shall  retire.  This  I swear 
before  the  Chinese  republic,” 

Reconstruction  a Colossal  Task. 

It  is  difficult  to  conceive  the  magnitude  of  the  task  now 
confronting  the  leaders  oJi.the.Hew  republic.  That  m£ny  of 
these  are  sons  of  Christians,  and  are  tliemselves  professed  fol- 
lowers of  our  Lord,  is  s|p|t  significant.  >$Five  races  are  to  be 
combined  in  one  republic4S-the  Chines^  Manchus,  Mongols, 
Mohammedans,  and  Tibetans.  Only  about  fifteen  per  cent,  of 
the  entire  population  can  read  and  write.  The  government  is 
making  strong  calls  for  men'  trained  in  the  Christian  schools 
and  missions  to  take  leadership  in  the  various  provinces.  Re- 
ligious freedom  proffered  on  the  initiative  ' of  the  Chinese 
themselves  stands  out  as  the--~-njf>st  significant  fact  of  the 
century ; but  the  leaders  of  new  Clfifta  must  face  this  fact,  that 
'“popular  government  is  not  in  itself  a panacea,  is  jno  .better 
than  any  other  form  except  as-  The  virtue  and  wisdom  of 
the  people  make  it  so.  When  men"' undertake  fi©  do  their  own 
kingship  they  enter  upon  the  dangers  and- responsibilities  as 
well  as  the  privileges  of  the  function.” 

What  a privilege  to  have  a share  in  giving -to  China  at  this 
time  the  truth  and.  light  of  God,  which  must,  Bd  incarnated  in 
the  very  heart  of  the  republic  to  insure  for  fit' thef  stability  and 
wisdom  necessary  to  make  the  experiment  of  self-government 
a blessing  rather  than  a curse. 

The  Missionary  Situation. 

The  revolution  in  China  is  a declaration  of -the  potver  of 
Christian  missions  and  of  Christian  idealsc  Against  stubborn 
opposition  and  martyrdom,  the  gospel  has  made  great  ad- 
vances in  China.  In  1842  there  were  but  six  communicant 
members  in  the  Protestant  Christian  Church  in  China.  In 
1860  there  were.  960 ; in  1889  there  were  37,000,  and  at  the 
present  time  th-erd-are  278,628  members  and  a Christian  com- 
munity of  750,000.  " •' 

Everywhere  we  went  we  found  missionaries  from  the  in- 
terior assembled  in  port  cities  in  council  and  in  prayer  to 
know  the  will  of  God  for  the  work  ahead.  Important  inter- 
denominational councils  will-  be  held  this  year  with  such 
leaders  as  John  R.  Mott.  A new  program  for  the  evangeliza- 
tion of  the  great  republic  will  be  agreed  upon.  It  is  felt  on 
all  sides  that  mission  work  in  China  must  be  unified,  intensi- 
fied, and  greatly  enlarged  to  meet  the  new  situation. 

Without  any  question,  educated  men  will  be  the  leaders 
in  every  walk  of  life.  The  question  of  first  importance  is, 
Shall  that  leadership  have  Christian  or  pagan  training?  That 


27 


question  will  be  largely  settled  by  what  the  Christian  Church 
does  or  fails  to  do  the  next  ten  years.  The  opportunity  of 
ages  is  right  now  upon  us,  to  establish  an  adequate  number  of 
Christian  middle  schools,  colleges,  universities,  and  theolog- 
ical seminaries.  The  situation  is  so  extraordinary  as  to  make 
one  restless  by  meditating  on  it.  Steps  are  being  taken  by 
the  various  missions  to  prepare  for  an  aggressive,  strong 
Chinese  church,  with  which  the  various  missionary  workers 
may  cooperate  most  effectively. 

Our  Own  Work  and  Workers. 

We  found  our  missionaries  calm  and  busy  at  work  right 
through  the  transition  period  in  South  China.  Doctor  and 
Mrs.  Oldt  were  at  their  post  of  duty  when  the  revolutionary 
forces,  led  by  a robber  chief,  captured  Siu  Lam,  which  was 
the  first  place  taken  in  South  China.  No  one  can  know  with- 
out a similar  experience  what  the  “rumors  of  war”  and  the 
actual  conflict  meant  to  these, 'the  only  Americans  hi  that  im- 
mediate district. 

Though  the  country  was  much  disturbed,  we  made  a 
hasty  visit  to  Ivwai  Chau,  Lak  Lau,  and  Siu  Lam,  and  on 
our  return  trip  to  China  from  the  Philippines,  a.f  more  ex- 
tended tour  was  made  up  the  West  River  toLfffaCes-  .vgjiqfly 
unoccupied  as  yet  by  Christian  workers.  While  at  Siu- /Dam, 
we  viewed  three  different  sites  with  a view  to  securing  the 
best  available  location  for  our  new  hospital,  which  will  be 
erected  as  soon  as  the  unsettled  condition,  caused  by  the  rev- 
olution, permits  the  business  men  of  the  town  to  secure  proper 
legal  papers  for  the  ground. 

In  our  Siu  Lam  chapel,  on  December  27,  a Christmas  ex 
ercise  was  given  and  we  had  an  opportunity  to  see  a typical 
Chinese  mass  meeting.  The  chapel  seats  comfortably  about 
one  hundred  and  fifty  persons,  but  fully  four  hundred  packed 
the  building  that  day,  and  as  many  more  -stood_  about  the 
doors  and  windows.  This  was  one  of  the  first  public  meetings 
held  after  the  revolutionary  forces  were  in  control.  An  hour 
before  the  time  for  the  meeting  all  the  seats  were  filled;  then 
they  began  to  pack  the  place.  They  stood  between  the  benches, 
on  the  seats,  then  on  the  backs  of  the  seats,  and  in  the  aisles — 
a solid  mass  right  up  to  the  pulpit.  In  the  midst  of  this 
throng  were  revolutionary  soldiers  carrying  their  guns ; from 
the  pulpit  the  whole  assemblage  seemed  a sea  of  faces,  and 
such  wild,  superstitious,  sad  faces ! I wanted  to  take  a pho- 
tograph of  the  meeting,  but  the  missionaries  informed  me  that 
to  turn  a kodak  on  that  assemblage  would  produce  forthwith 
a panic  and  the  loss  of  life.  I shall  carry  as  long  as  I live  the 
impression  of  that  audience.  The  contrast  was  most  striking 
between  our  Christian  workers  and  that  vast  crowd,  many  of 


28 


whom,  doubtless,  heard  that  day  for  the  first  time  the  story 
of  Christ’s  coming  into  the  world. 

In  Siu  Lam  our  Church  has  done  a most  excellent  work; 
but  it  is  a great  pity  we  have  not  had  two  missionary  families 
in  this  place  every  year  since  we  opened  it,  for  we  have  in 
this  district  half  a million  people  to  win  to  Christ,  and  in  this 
place  we  shall  find  our  most  talented  leaders  for  the  work  in 
other  places. 

Rev.  and  Mrs.  Spore  had  made  thorough  preparation  for 
our  visitation  and  the  holding  of  the  Annual  Conference. 
These  workers  have  carried  a heavy  responsibility,  and  have 
stood  out  strongly  for  an  evangelistic,  Biblical  type  of  Chris- 
tian life  and  work. 


Beth  Eden  Compound,  Canton,  China, 


Miss  Drury  has  made  marked  progress  in  the  mastery 
of  the  Chinese  language,  and  has  become  a strong  factor  in 
mission  work  in  Canton.  We  heard  from  many  sources  of 
the  power  and  initiative  of  Miss  Myers,  and  her  splendid  work 
in  the  Miller  Seminary. 

On  January  13,  the  splendid  Foundling  Home,  the  first 
of  its  kind  in  all  South  China,  was  formally  dedicated.  The 
power  of  this  orphanage  cannot  be  reckoned  by  the  number 
of  outcasts  it  can  now  take  care  of  and  transform,  but  rather 
by  its  standing  as  an  example  of  what  must  and  will  be  done 
on  a vastly  larger  scale  by  the  awakened  Chinese  themselves. 
In  that  better  day  which  is  now  dawning,  this  Foundling 
Home,  started  by  the  women  of  the  United  Brethren  Church 
in  America,  will  be  remembered  as  the  first  work  of  its  kind 


29 


in  South  China  for  the  “survival  of  the  unfittest.”  In  the 
construction  of  this  orphanage  and  the  missionary  residence 
near  by,  Rev.  Mr.  Bean  has  shown  himself  to  be  a master 
builder  whose  services  will  be  greatly  in  demand  in  the  years 
to  come.  Mrs.  Bean  is  recognized  as  an  expert  and  pioneer 
in  orphanage  work. 

Because  of  the  long  period  of  service  of  Rev.  and  Mrs.  Ward, 
their  counsels  greatly  enriched  our  meetings,  and  Mr.  Ward 
presided  with  excellent  ability  at  the  Annual  Conference 
sessions. 

Our  medical  work  in  Canton  directed  by  Dr.  Bigler  has 
had  a powerful  influence.  In  addition  to  assisting  in  school 
work,  Dr.  Bigler  has  been  going  about  all  hours  of  the  day 
and  night  to  the  various  sections  of  this  city  of  two  million, 
ministering  to  the  sick  and  dying.  I attended  the  dispensary 
when  Dr.  Bigler  said  she  had  a light  day — only  one  hundred 
and  thirty-five  persons  were  waiting  to  be  examined  and 
treated.  It  is  needless  to  say  that  she  is  under  too  heavy 
strain  of  work  and  should  be  relieved  speedily  by  the  sending 
of  other  medical  workers  to  the  field. 

During  the  month’s  visitation  in  Canton,  we  had  inter- 
views with  many  mission  workers  in  other  communions,  vis- 
iting and  inspecting  their  several  departments  of  work;  and 
then  for  fourteen  days  we  planned  and  counseled  with  our 
own  missionaries,  and  held  the  China  Annual  Conference 
from  January  12-16,  when  the  Chinese  pastors  themselves 
took  up  with  new  enthusiasm  the  enlarged  work  outlined  by 
and  for  them.  The  missionaries  declared  that  they  had  never 
before  seen  the  Chinese  Christians  so  ready  to  dedicate  their 
lives  and  their  property  to  the  giving  of  the  gospel  to  others 
as  at  this  time. 

DECLARATION  OF  AIMS  AND  NEEDS. 

Three  committees  were  appointed  to  investigate  and 
study  the  chief  problems  and  needs  for  the  enlargement  of  our 
mission  work  in  South  China,  and  the  reports  of  these  com- 
mittees were  thoroughly  discussed  in  the  various  sessions  of 
the  Mission  Council.  A definite  statement  of  policy  was  for- 
mulated defining  the  work  of  the  mission  superintendent,  the 
relation  of  the  Mission  Council  to  the  Board  of  Foreign  Mis- 
sions and  to  the  native  church,  and  emphasizing  in  a strong 
way  certain  principles  which  should  lead  to  self-support  and 
self-government  on  the  part  of  the  Chinese  Church.  These 
principles  are  now  being  put  into  operation  by  the  various 
Chinese  pastors. 


30 


Recommendation  on  Education  and  Cooperation. 

After  surveying  all  phases  of  missionary  work  in  South 
China,  the  conviction  became  strong  and  clear  that  it  is  of 
the  utmost  importance  that  we  should  establish  speedily  a 
system  of  primary,  grammar,  and  middle  schools  that  shall 
lead  up  to  the  college  and  seminary  work,  in  order  that  an 
adequate  force  of  Christian  ministers  may  be  prepared,  and 
that  a large  number  of  Christian  laymen  may  be  educated  to 
meet  the  requirements  of  both  Church  and  state  at  this  time 
in  South  China. 

After  due  deliberation  the  Mission  Council  recommends 
the  following : 

1.  That  we  enlarge  and  strengthen  the  number  of  day 
schools  for  boys  and  girls  of  the  elementary  grade. 

2.  That  the  present  boys’  grammar  school  be  enlarged 
and  enriched  in  its  course  of  study,  and  that  to  provide  for  its 
needs  a suitable  lot  and  building  be  secured  soon. 

3.  That  we  cooperate  with  the  Canton  Christian  College 
in  the  middle  school  (high  school  grade),  if  satisfactory  de- 
tailed arrangements  can  be  made  with  their  board  of  trustees 
in  New  York  City.  This  college  has  a recognized  standard 
of  efficiency  in  all  parts  of  the  new  republic,  and  will  be  able 
to  carry  the  students  not  only  through  the  middle  school,  but 
through  the  college  courses  when  the  students  are  prepared 
for  this  advanced  work. 

The  following  is  a recent  communication  from  the  trustees 
of  the  Canton  Christian  College  to  our  society  touching  co- 
operation : 

“1.  The  trustees  will  welcome  nominations  to  their  board  to 
join  with  them  in  their  trust,  one  trustee  representing  any  board 
which  has  a mission  in  Canton  which  desires  to  cooperate  to  the  extent 
of  furnishing  or  supporting  at  least  one  teacher  in  the  college. 

“2.  I'f  a denominational  board  sends  a man  to  represent  it  on 
the  faculty  of  the  Canton  Christian  College,  we  believe  that  it  should 
be  done  in  conformity  with  the  general  policy  and  arrangements  of 
that  portion  of  the  staff  supported  by  the  trustees,  and  that  corre- 
spondence should  be  had  at  any  time  to  fit  the  appointment  to  the 
actual  need  and  conditions  at  the  college. 

“3.  To  become  a cooperative  member  of  the  Canton  Christian 
College,  a contributing  board  should  either  provide  a residence  for 
the  teacher  it  supports,  or  pay  a proportionate  rent  for  the  residence 
or  rooms  occupied.  It  should  also  provide  a definite  amount  annually 
for  the  general  expenses  and  for  student  aid — its  students  being 
admitted  on  the  same  general  basis  as  to  qualifications  and  fees 
as  other  students — save  that  special  aid  might  be  given  by  any  mis- 
sion or  denomination  to  students  of  that  denomination  if  they  so 
desire.” 

Theological  Training  School. 

The  American  Presbyterian  Mission  in  South  China  re- 
cently took  the  following  action  with  reference  to  cooperation 
with  other  missions  in  theological  education  : 


31 


“We  favor  union  in  theological  work  culminating  in  a union 
theological  seminary.  Looking  to  that  end  we  recommend  that  the 
faculty  of  the  Fati  Theological  Seminary  at  Canton  be  authorized  to 
invite  members  of  other  missions  wishing  to  educate  students  at  said 
institution,  to  take  part  in  the  teaching.  Any  one  teaching  twelve 
hours  or  more  per  week  to  be  admitted  as  a full  voting  member  of 
the  faculty,  thus  representing  the  mission.  We  recommend  that  this 
be  regarded  strictly  as  an  initial  step,  and  that  we  all  wait  with  open 
mind  for  this  to  grow  into  that  form  of  union  which  shall  commend 
itself  to  us  all  as  wisest,  most  practical,  and  redounding  most  to  the 
glory  of  God.” 

Already  the  Canadian  Presbyterian  Mission  and  the  New 
Zealand  Presbyterian  Mission,  both  of  South  China,  have 
united  in  this  theological  training  school  on  the  terms  just 
mentioned. 

We  recommend  that  our  Board  secure  a suitable  man  to 
represent  us  on  the  faculty  of  this  Fati  Theological  School, 
and  that  our  students  for  the  ministry  be  sent  there  for 
training. 

University  Union  Medical  School. 

Owing  largely  to  the  work  of  medical  missionaries,  there 
is  a large  demand  in  China  for  doctors  trained  in  Western 
medicine.  Unless  medical  schools  of  first-class  standard  are 
established  on  a Christian  basis,  this  work  will  be  undertaken 
soon  by  private  corporations  or  the  government,  and  done  on 
a much  lower  and  un-Christian,  if  not  anti-Christian  basis. 
The  character  of  the  doctors  of  China  for  many  years  to  come 
will  be  determined  in  the  next  few  years.  The  revolution  has 
made  the  situation  more  urgent. 

To  provide  for  this  great  need  the  medical  school  in  con- 
nection with  the  Canton  Christian  College  is  asking  the 
various  missions  in  South  China  to  cooperate  with  them  in 
establishing  a FTniversity  Union  Medical  School.  The  object 
is  as  follows : 

“To  give  thorough  instruction  in  medicine  and  surgery  to  the 
Chinese  in  the  English  and  Cantonese  languages,  and  thereby  (a) 
provide  mission  hospitals,  with  well  trained  physicians;  (b)  train 
Chinese  for  positions  as  teachers  in  this  and  other  medical  schools; 
(c)  assist  in  providing  the  Chinese  Republic  with  a Christian  medical 
profession;  (d)  take  an  active' share  in  the  investigation  of  the  causes, 
prevention,  and  treatment  of  diseases  peculiar  to  China;  (e)  extend 
the  knowledge  of  the  gospel  of  Jesus  Christ  to  all  coming  within 
the  sphere  of  influence  of  the  school. 

“The  board  of  trustees  of  this  school  shall  be  the  present  board 
of  the  University  Medical  School  in  America,  together  with  such  other 
members  as  may  be  appointed  from  time  to  time  by  any  mission  body. 

“Any  Protestant  missionary  body  which,  in  addition  to  under- 
taking the  support  of  one  or  more  members  of  the  faculty  shall  con- 
tribute funds  to  the  institution  for  permanent  equipment  shall  be 
entitled  to  have  proportionate  representation  on  the  board  of  trustees. 

“The  faculty  shall  consist  of  . all  members  of  the  teaching  staff 


32 


of  school  and  hospital  who  are  giving  the  equivalent  of  one  hour 
per  week  of  the  school  year.  All  appointments  to  the  faculty  for  a 
period  of  more  than  one  year  must  have  the  approval  of  the  board 
of  trustees.  All  members  of  the  faculty  shall  be  Protestant  Chris- 
tians.” 

Our  Mission  Council  heartily  endorses  this  proposed  medi- 
cal university  and  recommends  that  the  Board  approve  of  it, 
and  set  a man  aside  to  teach  in  this  school  as  soon  as  our 
medical  work  is  sufficiently  strengthened  to  release  him  for  it. 


Some  Pastors,  Teachers,  and  Bible  Women,  China,  U.  B.  Mission. 


The  Miller  Seminary. 

Because  of  unsanitary  conditions  and  the  want  of  suffici- 
ent land  adjacent,  it  is  absolutely  necessary  to  relocate  the 
Miller  Seminary.  A year  ago,  this  Board  recommended  fav- 
orably the  proposition  to  sell  our  entire  compound  at  Beth 
Eden  and  secure  suitable  locations  elsewhere  for  the  Miller 
Seminary  and  the  necessary  missionary  residences.  'During 
our  visit  to  Canton,  business  men  from  Hongkong,  on  their 
own  initiative,  interviewed  us  with  a view  to  purchasing  this 
valuable  property.  Owing  to  unsettled  conditions,  it  may  be 
some  months  or  even  years  before  a satisfactory  sale  can  be 
made ; but  steps  should  be  taken  at  once  for  the  relocation  of 
the  Miller  Seminary. 

A proposition  for  the  United  Brethren  Mission  to  estab- 
lish a Girl’s  or  Woman’s  Department  of  the  Canton  Christian 
College  has  been  drawn  up  by  the  executive  committee  of 


33 


the  teaching  force  of  the  college,  and  the  same  has  been  en- 
dorsed by  our  Mission  Council  in  China.  This  paper  has  been 
considered  by  the  trustees  of  the  Canton  Christian  College  in 
New  York  City,  and  we  have  the  following  from  Mr.  W. 
Henry  Grant,  the  secretary  of  their  board : 

“The  trustees  take  great  pleasure  in  the  possibility  of  coopera- 
tion with  your  Board  in  the  matter  of  founding  a Woman’s  Depart- 
ment of  the  Canton  Christian  College.  We  conceive  it  as  infinitely 
more  important  to  China  at  the  present  time  that  one  strong  Chris- 
tian college  for  women,  with  its  upper  and  lower  schools,  should  be 
established  under  Christian  control  than  the  continuance  of  schools 
of  denominational  character.  We  are,  therefore,  happy  to  consider 
anything  which  looks  to  cooperation  in  the  interest  of  increased 
efficiency  and  quality  of  work. 

“We  suggest  the  following  proposition:  That  your  Board  pur- 
chase or  lease  land  from  the  Canton  Christian  College  and  erect  the 
first  building  of  the  Woman’s  Department,  to  be  called  Miller  Hall. 
This  building  would  be  occupied  at  first  as  both  teaching  hall  and 
dormitory,  or  a small  hall  and  one  residence  could  be  erected  at  the 
same  cost. 

“At  this  time  of  China’s  greatest  need  for  thoroughly  trained 
Christian  teachers,  it  would  seem  a pity  to  fall  short  of  anything  but 
the  best  we  can  provide  by  uniting  our  forces,  and  we  believe,  with 
the  common  end  in  view  of  meeting  this  particular  need,  that  we 
should  not  do  the  second  best  if  we  can  do  the  best.” 

This  proposition  from  the  Canton  Christian  College  to 
unite  in  a well  equipped  woman’s  school  brings  us  as  a de- 
nomination face  to  face  with  a very  important  question.  At 
the  present  time  there  is  no  school  for  girls  in  South  China 
to  take  them  through  a thorough  middle  school  and  college 
course.  There  is  now  a great  demand  for  this  higher  edu- 
cation. 

The  Canton  Christian  College  has  opened  its  doors  for 
boys  only  thus  far,  and  they  have  now  in  their  affiliated  de- 
partments about  three  hundred  students.  During  the  past 
year  thirty-four  young  men  professed  faith  in  Jesus  Christ, 
and  this  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  so  many  of  the  boys  are  from 
heathen  homes. 

The  one  outstanding  need  for  all  South  China  is  a strong 
Christian  college,  with  a department  for  boys  and  another  of 
equal  efficiency  for  girls.  The  trustees  of  the  Canton  Chris- 
tian College  are  now  seeking  to  establish  the  girls’  department. 

We  recommend,  therefore,  that  we  relocate  the  Miller 
Seminary  on  the  grounds  of  the  Canton  Christian  College,  and 
that  we  cooperate  with  the  board  of  trustees  of  said  college 
if  satisfactory  agreement  concerning  the  holding  of  the  prop- 
erty and  the  management  of  the  school  can  be  made. 

Equipment  and  Reinforcements. 

During  the  visit  in  South  China,  we  sought  through  the 
visitation  of  the  field  and  through  numerous  council  meetings 


34 


to  know  the  present  condition  of  missionary  work  and  to 
formulate  a definite  statement  of  our  needs.  By  unanimous 
vote  the  Mission  Council  agreed  upon  the  following: 

I.  New  Buildings  and  Grounds  Needed. 

(1.)  A new  chapel  and  dispensary  building  combined 
for  our  First  Church,  Canton.  Present  church  membership, 

151.  The  church  contributed  for  self-support  the  last  year, 

$101.53.  The  present  building  is  much  dilapidated,  and 
there  is  danger  of  its  collapsing.  This  new  church  is  in  a 
center  of  200,000  population.  The  dispensary  facilities  con- 
nected with  the  present  building  are  utterly  inadequate. 


Cost  of  new  buildings  $ 8,000 

(2.)  Grounds  and  residence  for  evangelistic  and  med- 
ical workers  in  Canton,  in  case  the  Beth  Eden  compound  is 

sold  $12,000 

(3.)  For  grounds  and  buildings  for  proposed  grammar 
school  in  Canton,  part  of  which  will  doubtless  be  contribu- 
ted by  the  Chinese  themselves  $12,000 

(4.)  At  Siu  Lam,  where  we.  have  a church  membership 
of  98,  and  a population  of  the  city  of  250,000,  and  as  many 
more  in  the  surrounding  towns;  present  need,  ground  and 

missionary  residence  $ 5,000 

(5.)  That  we  establish  a mission  station  in  the  Lak 


Lau  district,  where  there  are  a million  people  without  any 
resident  missionary,  and  that  we  send  to  that  district  two 
missionary  families,  a medical  man  and  wife,  and  an  evan- 
gelistic missionary  and  wife.  Present  needs,  for  ground  and 


residence  for  evangelistic  missionaries ._ $ 6,000 

Grounds  and  residence  for  the  medical  missionary $ 6,000 

(6.)  The  new  Miller  Seminary  building,  equipment, 

and  grounds,  including  residence.  Entire  cost  $20,000 

(7.)  Residence  for  the  middle  school  representative 

on  the  faculty  of  the  Canton  Christian  College $ 6,000 

Residence  for  our  representative  in  the  proposed  Union 

Medical  University  $ 6,000 

Total  sum  for  buildings  and  equipment $81,000 

Amount  of  money  in  hand  for  same $ 5,000 

Amount  needed  within  five  years  $76,000 


II.  The  Missionary  Staff  Necessary  to  Direct  the  Work. 

The  following  is  the  entire  force  of  American  missionaries 
necessary : 


For  Evangelistic  Work — Three  men  and  wives,  one  single 
woman  for  country  work  and  one  single  woman  for  work 
in  Canton.  Total  number  needed  for  evangelistic  work....  8 

For  Educational  Work— A man  and  wife  to  teach  in 
the  Middle  School,  direct  the  work  of  the  boys’  schools;  a 
man  and  wife  for  the  Fati  Union  Seminary;  two  women  for 

the  Miller  Seminary.  Total 6 

For  Medical  Work — A man  and  wife  in  charge  of  the 
hospital  at  Siu  Lam;  two  women  for  Canton;  a man  and  wife 
for  the  Lak  San  district;  a man  and  wife  for  the  proposed 
medical  university  at  Canton.  Total  medical  force  needed..  8 

For  Philanthropic  Work — A man  and  wife  to  have 

charge  of  the  Foundling  FTome 2 

Total  missionary  force  needed  24 


35 


Of  the  above  number,  thirteen  have  been  provided.  We 
need,  therefore,  eleven  new  missionaries  for  South  China,  as 
follows:  Two  medical  missionaries  and  their  wives,  two  single 
women  for  evangelistic  work,  a missionary  family  to  teach  in 
the  Middle  School  of  the  Canton  Christian  College,  an  evan- 
gelistic missionary  and  wife  who_are_  capable  teachers,  and  a 
single  medical  missionary  woman. 

Within  six  months  five  of  these  new  missionaries  should 
be  on  their  way  to  China.  They  are  as  follows : A physician 
and  his  wife,  a man  and  wife  for  evangelistic  work,  and  a 
single  woman  for  evangelistic  work. 

Let  Us  Now  Act. 

As  I close  this  survey  and  think  over  the  sights  and  ex- 
periences of  the  visit  in  China,  I can  see  the  stirring 
scenes  of  war,  when  as  one  man  all  South  China  rose  up  for 
liberty,  and  in  Canton  one  hundred  and  twenty  thousand 
soldiers  were  drilling  and  preparing  to  fight  to  a finish  the 
conflict  for  a new  republic.  I can  see  the  vast  multitudes  on 
the  streets  of  Siu  Lam,  Lak  Lau,  and  Canton  as  sheep  without 
a shepherd.  I can  feel  even  yet  the  downward  pull  of  super- 
stition which  sways  the  millions  of  China  and  fills  them  with 
fear  of  evil  spirits  and  leads  them  to  worship  and  to  call  upon 
the  spirits  of  their  dead  ancestors  as  their  only  source  of  help. 

This  visit  has  brought  to  me  a new  sense  of  appreciation 
of  the  political  freedom  and  opportunity  in  the  United  States. 
It  has  enriched  my  conception  of  the  transforming,  uplifting 
power  of  Jesus  Christ,  who  alone  can  forgive  sins  and  open 
up  to  the  pardoned  sinner  ever  new  possibilities,  turning  the 
face  from  a dead  past  to  a living  present,  and  a wonderful 
future  of  victorious  partnership  with  himself.  The  millions 
in  China  are  now  groping  in  darkness  for  such  a Savior. 

To  have  a share  in  the  work  of  presenting  Jesus  Christ, 
the  world’s  Redeemer,  to  China  and  of  laying  the  foundations 
of  the  kingdom  of  God  for  the  new  Republic  of  the  Orient, 
that  is  your  privilege  and  mine.  Shall  we  not  through  fervent 
prayer,  through  personal  effort,  and  by  the  consecration  of 
our  lives  and  our  money,  say: 

“O  Zion  , haste  thy  mission  high  fulfilling, 

To  tell  to  all  the  world  that  God  is  light; 

That  he  who  made  all  nations  is  not  willing 
One  soul  should  nerish  lost  in  shades  of  night. 

“ Give  of  thy  sons  to  bear  the  message  glorious; 

Give  of  thy  wealth  to  speed  them  on  their  way, 

Pour  out  thy  soul  for  them  in  prayer  victorious; 

And  all  thou  spendest  Jesus  will  repay.” 


36 


THE  PHILIPPINES. 


Hongkong  is  but  forty-five  hours  by  steamship  from 
Manila.  To  go  from  China  to  the  Philippines  in  January,  one 
sees  a most  striking  contrast.  Twenty-six  days  out  of  the 
thirty  we  spent  in  China  had  been  damp  and  cold ; thirty-three 
out  of  the  thirty-four  in  the  Philippines  were  full  of  sunshine 
and  delightfully  balmy. 

In  Canton,  with  its  population  of  two  million,  there  were 
no  street  cars,  no  automobiles,  and  no  buggies  and  horses  on 
her  six-foot-wide  congested  streets,  and  no  stable  government 
to  insure  protection  to  life  and  property.  We  found  Manila 
changed  from  an  antiquated,  mosquito-infested,  mediaeval 
town  to  a modern  city,  with  beautiful  parks  and  boulevards, 
and  hundreds  of  automobiles,  buggies,  and  street  cars,  and 
over  all  Old  Glory  pledging  liberty,  opportunity,  and  pro- 
tection. 

A Strategic  Stroke. 

Not  by  mere  chance  were  the  Stars  and  Stripes  placed 
over  the  Philippine  Islands  fourteen  years  ago.  That  was  one 
of  God’s  orderly  movements.  When  the  children  of  Israel 
were  greatly  oppressed  in  Egypt,  God  saw  it  and  sent  Moses 
to  deliver  them.  So  in  1898,  the  hour  had  arrived  for  God  to 
deliver  eight  million  oppressed  Filipinos,  and  he  called  the 
United  States  to  do  it.  One  hundred  years  hence  the  world 
will  have  a better  idea  of  the  great  purpose  God  had  for  the 
entire  Orient  when  he  called  the  United  States  to  take  hold 
of  the  Philippines.  The  strait  settlements,  China  and  japan, 
will  find  in  the  Philippines  a powerful  object  lesson.  Presi- 
dent McKinley’s  own  statement  reads  like  a paragraph  from 
the  Bible.  He  said  : 

“When  I discovered  that  the  Philippines  had  fallen  into 
our  lap,  I confess  I did  not  know  what  to  do  with  them.  I 
sought  counsel  from  all  sides,  but  got  little  help.  I walked 
the  floor  of  the  White  House  night  after  night  till  after  mid- 


37 


night,  and  I am  not  ashamed  to  tell  that  I went  down  on  my 
knees  and  prayed  God  for  light  and  guidance  more  than  one 
night.  Well,  it  came  to  me  this  way:  (1.)  That  we  could 
not  give  these  islands  back  to  Spain;  that  would  be  cowardly 
and  dishonorable.  (2.)  We  could  not  leave  them  to  them- 
selves, or  they  would  soon  have  misrule  and  anarchy.  (3.) 
There  was  nothing  left  for  us  to  do  but  to  take  them  all,  to 
educate  and  uplift  them,  to  civilize  and  Christianize  them,  and 
by  God’s  grace  do  the  very  best  we  could  for  them  as  our 
fellow-men  for  whom  Christ  also  died.  And  then  I went  to 
bed  and  to  sleep,  and  slept  soundly;  and  the  next  morning  I 
sent  for  the  chief  engineer  of  the  war  department,  who  is  our 
mapmaker,  and  said,  ‘Put  the  Philippine  Islands  on  the  map 
of  the  United  States.’  ” And  pointing  to  a large  wall  map, 
he  said,  “And  there  they  are  and  shall  remain  as  long  as  I 
am  President.” 

Lifting  the  Philippines  Godward. 

The  work  accomplished  by  the  American  missionary  and 
the  American  Government  for  the  uplift  of  the  Philippines 
fills  the  heart  with  enthusiastic  praises.  On  the  one  side  the 
Government  has  been  building  roads,  introducing  sanitary 
conditions,  developing  a stable,  representative  government, 
and  establishing  one  of  the  best  school  systems  on  earth, 
which  gives  special  emphasis  to  manual  and  industrial  training. 
On  the  other  hand  the  American  missionary  has  been  lifting 
by  translating  the  Bible  into  the  languages  of  the  people,  by 
organizing  Sunday  schools,  winning  converts  to  Jesus  Christ, 
and  by  establishing  churches  and  Christian  educational  in- 
stitutions. 

Things  are  moving  at  a rapid  pace  in  the  Philippines. 
Think  of  it!  Fourteen  years  ago  only  five  thousand  boys  and 
girls  were  given  any  sort  of  school  privileges  in  the  Phil- 
ippines. To-day  there  are  six  hundred  and  ten  thousand  in 
the  public  schools. 

During  the  last  ten  years  the  missionaries  have  mastered 
the  various  languages,  adapted  themselves  to  primitive  con- 
ditions and  great  hardships  in  opening  up  the  country,  and 
have  won  to  Christ  52,400  converts,  who  are  now  being  trained 
to  do  all  kinds  of  Christian  work. 

One  of  the  missionary  assets  now  found  in  the  Philippines 
is  a band  of  true  and  tried  missionary  statesmen — men  and 
women  who  have  survived  the  change  in  climate  and  the  task 
of  mastering  a new  language,  and  of  adapting  themselves  to 
strange  conditions.  These  missionaries  are  now  able  leaders 
who  will  direct  wisely  the  advances  of  the  next  decade. 


38 


Quarterly  Conference,  Concepcion 


Job  Room,  Philippine  U.  B.  Press 


Inspecting  Cement  Foundation,  Cava  U.  B.  Church 


39 


United  Brethren  Activities. 

We  found  our  own  mission  work  in  first-class  condition. 
Missionaries  of  other  communions  congratulated  us  on  having 
what  they  considered  the  best  type  of  intensive  organization 
and  work  among  the  native  local  churches  found  anywhere. 
All  the  missionaries  in  the  Philippines  are  full  of  enthusiasm 
similar  to  that  found  in  Korea.  Each  one  of  our  own  workers 
has  a definite  task  to  do,  but  each  is  ready  to  supplement  or 
take  up  the  work  of  another  when  necessary. 

Rev.  S.  K.  Kurtz,  who,  with  his  wife  and  family,  is  now 
at  this  Board  meeting  on  furlough,  has  been  the  expert  treas- 
urer, and  the  past  year  he  has  been  acting  as  a professor  from 
the  United  Brethren  Mission  in  the  Union  Bible  Seminary 
in  Manila,  in  which  institution  the  Presbyterians,  Methodists, 
and  United  Brethren  are  cooperating  to  give  the  young  men 
of  these  missions  the  best  possible  preparation  for  the  ministry. 

This  seminary  holds  its  session  each  year  from  June  to 
December,  which  is  the  rainy  season,  when  both  the  mis- 
sionary professors  and  the  students  can  best  be  spared  from 
work  on  the  field.  From  December  to  June  the  weather  is 
ideal  for  evangelistic  work  and  district  institutes,  and  during 
these  months  the  students  and  professors,  fresh  from  the 
seminary,  go  forth  to  put  into  practice  what  they  have  been 
acquiring  during  the  six  months  in  school. 

Last  year  our  mission  had  six  students  in  this  Union 
Seminary,  and  they  took  two  of  the  three  prizes  offered  for 
high-grade  work.  Rev.  Mr.  Pace,  who  has  been  taking  special 
training  for  a professorship  in  this  Union  school,  is  now  on 
the  Pacific  returning  to  the  Philippines,  and  he  will  find  a 
great  opportunity  before  him  as  he  enters  this  work  June  first. 

Miss  Weber  has  been  busy  starting  and  developing  the 
Deaconess  Training  School  at  San  Fernando,  and  assisting  in 
district  institutes.  Her  work  has  been  highly  satisfactory. 

Eighteen  students  pursued  the  first  year’s  studies  of  the 
deaconess  school  the  past  twelve  months,  and  the  demand  for 
and  importance  of  this  kind  of  work  call  for  a larger  building 
and  another  lady  missionary. 

Rev.  M.  W.  Mumma  has  charge  of  the  station  at  San 
Fernando,  and  is  editor  and  publisher  of  our  excellent  weekly 
mission  paper,  the  “Naimbag  a Damag.”  This  paper,  which 
was  enlarged  from  six  to  twelve  pages  last  year,  has  increased 
its  circulation  the  last  twelve  months  from  2,350  to  4,050. 
Bishop  Oldham,  of  the  Philippines,  declares  that  this  paper  has 
the  largest  circulation  of  any  religious  periodical  in  the  ver- 
nacular, not  only  in  the  Philippines,  but  in  the  Orient. 
Through  this  paper,  Rev.  Mr.  Mumma  reaches  every  week 
at  least  ten  thousand  interested  readers,  the  great  majority  of 
whom  have  no  other  Christian  reading  matter  whatsoever. 


40 


Many  have  been  led  to  Christ  through  the  reading  of  this 
paper.  The  subscription  price  is  50  cents  per  year.  It  is  now 
almost  self-supporting. 

In  addition  to  this  excellent  mission  paper,  the  Evangel 
Press,  at  San  Fernando,  is  sending  forth  many  religious  tracts, 
various  forms  of  Sunday-school  helps,  and  small  booklets — 
literature  of  the  very  greatest  importance  for  the  Sunday 
schools  and  the  native  church  membership.  When  one  sees 
the  great  open  door  in  the  coast  and  mountain  provinces  for 
the  preaching  of  the  gospel  by  means  of  the  printed  page,  he 
can  understand  why  Mr.  Mumma  is  bubbling  over  with  en- 
thusiasm concerning  his  work. 

Mrs.  Mumma  has  also  such  intimate  knowledge  of  the 
mission  press  work  as  to  be  able  to  carry  it  along  in  addition 
to  her  other  duties  when  her  husband  is  called  away. 

Rev.  H.  W.  Widdoes  has  done  high  grade  work  as  super- 
intendent. He  puts  himself  right  into  the  midst  of  the  fight 
at  the  front  and  creates  unbounded  enthusiasm  on  the  part  of 
his  co-workers.  Dr.  Howard  and  the  writer  accompanied 
the  superintendent  and  Rev.  John  Abellera  on  an  extensive 
tour  of  quarterly  meetings,  visiting  our  chief  mission  stations. 
These  tours  were  a revelation  of  the  great  extent  of  our 
mission  fields  and  the  hardships  our  workers  have  to  endure. 
We  journeyed  ninety-two  miles  during  one  tour,  on  ox-carts, 
carromatas,  and  then  putting  aside  our  vehicles,  we  saddled 
the  horses  and  rode  them  up  mountain  streams  and  over  cliffs. 
We  crossed  rivers  on  bamboo  rafts  nine  times. 

During  the  rainy  season,  when  as  much  as  seventy-eight 
inches  of  water  fall  in  four  days,  these  rivers  become  giants, 
Irom  a mile  to  three  miles  wide. 

Having  held  three  meetings  one  day,  we  came  to  the  last 
■“river  for  to  cross’’  after  eleven  o’clock  at  night,  just  as  the 
moon  was  disappearing  in  the  west  and  darkness  prevented  us 
from  seeing  anything  across  the  river.  Contrary  to  arrange- 
ment, the  raftsman  had  gone  to  bed,  on  the  side  of  the  river 
opposite  from  us,  and  we  had  to  wake  him  or  stay  all  night 
on  the  south  bank.  One  after  another  began  to  call,  but  no  re- 
sponse. After  fifteen  minutes  of  vain  endeavor,  all  came  close 
together  like  a group  of  students  giving  their  college  yell,  and 
we  focalized  and  greatly  intensified  our  call:  “P>al-cero!  Bal- 
ce-ro  ! Hoy  Bal-ce-ro  ! — Raftsman  ! Raftsman  ! Ho  ! Rafts- 
man !”  Soon  the  dogs  in  the  darkness  across  the  river  began 
to  bark,  and  later  the  raftsman  signaled  that  he  was  on  the 
way ; but  when  the  raft  finally  arrived,  it  was  so  small  our 
party  had  to  be  taken  across  on  the  installment  plan,  each  trip 
requiring  about  half  an  hour.  We  arrived  at  our  destination 
just  one  hour  after  midnight  and  found' sleep  most  refreshing. 

The  preaching  services  and  evangelistic  meetings  held  on 


41 


this  tour  were  largely  attended.  Of  chief  interest  to  the  writer, 
however,  were  the  quarterly  business  meetings.  Our  super- 
intendent showed  marked  ability  in  the  way  these  were  con- 
ducted. Written  reports  were  submitted  by  each  pastor,  Sun- 
day-school superintendent,  steward,  class  leader,  and  lay 
preacher.  These  often  called  out  helpful  discussions. 

I was  especially  interested  in  the  reports  of  the  lay 
preachers  who  do  their  work  without  remuneration.  One 
reported  twenty-five  Bible  classes,  twenty  addresses,  and  168 
personal  interviews  with  men  during  the  quarter,  seeking  to 
lead  them  to  Christ. 

While  Rev.  Mr.  Widdoes  has  been  making  such  extensive 
tours  as  here  described,  Mrs.  Widdoes  and  their  five  enthus- 
iastic children  have  had  to  live  alone  in  their  home  in  Tagudin, 
separated  some  twenty-five  miles  from  other  missionaries. 
Their  interest  in  the  work  is  so  intense  that  they  do  not  think 
it  a hardship. 


Lay  Delegates,  Philippine  U.  B.  Annual  Conference,  February,  1912. 


A Trip  to  Annual  Conference. 

The  Philippine  Annual  Conference  was  held  at  Tubao, 
February  15-18.  We  had  a lively  experience  journeying  from 
San  Fernando  to  the  place  of  the  Annual  Conference,  a dis- 
tance of  twenty-seven  miles.  At  eight  o’clock  on  Thursday 
morning,  February  15,  a large  covered  wagon,  drawn  by  three 


42 


mules  and  a horse,  stopped  at  the  mission  house  at  San  Fer- 
nando for  its  cargo,  which  consisted  of  Rev.  and  Mrs.  Widdoes, 
their  five  children,  and  Miss  Weber,  and  a good  supply  of 
bread,  canned  butter,  cut  beef,  and  culinary  articles.  Mr. 
Mumma  and  the  writer  followed  a half  hour  later,  caught  up 
with  the  first  division  at  Bawang,  seven  miles  south  of  San 
Fernando,  where  a preaching  service  was  held  at  9:30  a.m. 

Then  we  drove  seven  miles  farther  south  to  Cava  and  at 
11  a.m.  laid  the  corner  stone  of  the  new  Otterbein  Memorial 
Church.  This  church  is  named  in  honor  of  the  Otterbein 
charge  in  East  Ohio  Conference,  whose  good  people  are  giv- 
ing one  thousand  dollars  for  its  erection.  The  members  of 
the  Cava  church  were  out  in  large  numbers.  They  them- 
selves are  doing  much  to  erect  this  cement  block  church. 
After  appetizing  refreshments  in  the  hospitable  home  of  Rev. 
and  Mrs.  Abellera,  we  were  off  again  for  the  three-mile  drive 
to  the  northern  terminus  of  the  railroad  at  Aringay.  From 
there  we  journeyed  by  train  to  Agoo,  five  miles  south,  hoping 
at  this  place  to  find  horses  and  carts  ready  to  take  us  into  the 
mountains  to  the  place  of  the  Annual  Conference  ; but  every 
horse  had  been  engaged  by  the  Government  officials  for  other 
purposes,  and  so  we  all  had  to  put  up  for  the  night  in  the 
home  of  an  American  school  teacher,  and  get  ready  for  a 
start  by  daylight  the  next  morning.  The  five  miles  from  Agoo 
to  Tubao  cannot  be  made  by  wagon  or  carriage,  there  being  no 
certain  roadway,  and  so,  some  on  foot,  some  on  ox-cart,  and 
others  on  horseback,  we  crossed  a river  seventeen  times  and 
arrived  at  Tubao  in  time  for  the  first  business  session  of  the 
conference. 

Gains  During  Past  Year. 

The  sessions  of  the  Annual  Conference  were  held  in  a 
bamboo  tabernacle  covered  with  cocoanut  leaves  for  a roof. 
The  attendance  was  large  and  the  reports  uplifting.  After  de- 
ducting all  losses  for  the  year  the  communicant  membership 
increased  from  1517  to  1792,  or  a net  gain  of  eighteen  per  cent. 
The  Sunday-school  attendance  advanced  from  821  to  1408,  or 
a gain  of  seventy  per  cent.,  and  the  increase  in  self-support  on 
the  part  of  the  native  Church  was  from  $333.37  to  $686.68. 

Three  new  churches  were  organized  in  important  places 
the  past  year,  namely  in  Manila,  where  there  are  ten  thousand 
Ilocanos  who  look  to  us  for  the  privileges  of  the  gospel.  The 
church  was  organized  in  this  capital  city  four  months  ago, 
with  nineteen  intelligent,  strong  members.  This  will  develop 
rapidly  into  what  I believe  will  be  one  of  the  strongest  local 
churches  in  the  Philippines,  for  there  are  a great  many  wide- 
awake Ilocanos  in  Manila,  as  government  clerks,  stewards  in 
hotels,  and  merchants.  This  church  will  furnish  a field  of 


43 


active  service  for  our  seminary  students  during  the  rainy 
season. 

A church  was  also  organized  this  year  at  Baguio,  the  sum- 
mer capital,  to  which  place  a new  railroad  is  being  constructed, 
and  the  population  is  destined  to  multiply  rapidly.  The  third 
place  opened  is  that  of  Concepcion,  a point  far  up  in  the 
mountain  province — the  farthest  advance  we  have  made  in 
giving  the  gospel  to  the  five  hundred  thousand  of  this  terri- 
tory, many  of  whom  are  half-savage  and  are  destitute  of  gospel 
privileges. 

In  spirit,  character,  and  efficiency  the  Filipino  pastors 
take  high  rank.  Our  missionaries  have  been  wisely  led  in 
securing  such  a noble  band  of  Christian  native  leaders  who 
are  just  now  entering  upon  their  most  active  years  of  service, 
and  they  have  caught  the  spirit  of  evangelism  and  extension  of 
the  kingdom  of  God,  and  are  throwing  their  lives  into  the  work 
in  a way  that  is  most  encouraging. 

The  Next  Forward  Steps. 

It  was  a real  joy  to  talk  over  with  the  missionaries  their 
past  achievements  and  to  discuss  their  present  problems  and 
future  needs. 

Most  thorough  investigations  were  made  which  led  up 
to  the  following  recommendations  : 

1.  New  Chapels  and  Churches. 

Our  Filipino  workers  are  making  advances  along  two 
lines ; first,  by  organizing  and  developing  their  local  churches 
and  seeking  to  build  permanent  church  buildings  ; second,  by 
cultivating  the  spirit  of  missionary  extension  in  their  confer- 
ence so  as  to  occupy  the  adjacent  mountain  province. 

Proper  chapels  have  already  been  erected  in  San  Fer- 
nando, Balaoan,  and  Tagudin,  and  chapels  are  in  progress  of 
erection  at  Cava  and  Bawang. 

The  Mission  Council  in  the  Philippines  most  earnestly 
requests  that  the  Board  grant  them  at  least  two  thousand  dol- 
lars each  year  for  the  next  five  years,  to  aid  our  Filipino 
brethren  in  the  erection  of  chapels  in  the  following  towns  in 
which  ours  is  the  only  Protestant  church  and  in  which  at 
present  we  have  but  mere  temporary  shacks  or  dwelling 
houses  in  which  to  hold  religious  services  : 

Agoo,  with  a population  of  13,000;  church  membership, 
111.  San  Juan,  with  a population  of  12,000;  church  member- 
ship, 161.  Bacnotan,  with  a population  of  10,000;  church  mem- 
bership, 106.  Naguilian,  with  a population  of  11,000;  church 
membership,  92.  Aringay,  with  a population  of  8,000 ; church 
membership,  11.  Sto.  Tomas,  with  a population  of  4,000; 
church  membership,  40.  Bangar,  with  a population  of  9,000 ; 


44 


church  membership,  55.  Cervantes,  with  a population  of 
2,500,  not  yet  organized.  Luna,  with  a population  of  11,000, 
not  yet  organized. 

This  aid  which  we  desire  to  give  to  our  Filipino  brethren 
is,  in  every  instance,  to  be  granted  only  after  the  local  church 
has  done  its  best  in  providing  materials  and  labor.  We  can- 
not state  in  advance  for  which  towns  this  help  will  first  be 
needed,  for  that  depends  upon  the  action  of  the  local  church. 

Total  amount  needed  from  the  Board  for  these  chapels, 

$10,000. 

In  addition  to  the  above,  for  suitable  lots  and  church 
buildings  in  the  city  of  Manila  and  in  Baguio,  we  should  pro- 
vide as  soon  as  possible  $10,000.  Grand  total  needed  for  new 
buildings,  $20,000. 

2.  Other  Buildings  and  Equipment. 

Land  in  San  Fernando.  An  immediate  need  is  ground  to 
be  added  to  the  Mission  Compound  in  San  Fernando,  to  pro- 
vide for  a suitable  site  for  the  Deaconess  Training  School,  the 
hospital,  the  Evangel  Press,  and  the  dormitories.  A very  sat- 
isfactory property  is  under  consideration  which  lies  adjacent 
to  our  present  mission  property,  and  which  could  probably 
be  purchased  for  $2,500. 

Deaconess  Training  School.  This  school  has  already  out- 
grown its  present  quarters,  and  because  of  the  very  important 
relation  it  bears  to  the  extension  of  the  work  among  the  women 
and  children,  a larger  and  more  satisfactory  building  should 
be  erected  as  soon  as  possible.  The  Mission  Council  has  al- 
ready voted  to  request  the  Woman’s  Missionary  Association 
to  devote  the  proceeds  of  the  Woman’s  Day  Offering  for  1912 
to  this  purpose.  It  is  estimated  that  this  building  will  cost 
$5,000. 

Hospital.  Within  a year  after  the  arrival  of  the  physician, 
whom  we  so  urgently  need,  it  will  be  necessary  to  build  a 
hospital.  The  people  for  the  most  part  are  too  ignorant  to 
obey  the  instructions  of  a physician,  and  accordingly  all 
serious  cases  should  necessarily  be  treated  in  a hospital,  in 
order  to  secure  best  results.  The  estimated  cost  of  this  build- 
ing, with  equipment,  is  $5,000. 

Evangel  Press.  Finding  that  our  printing  plant  will  soon 
need  larger  and  more  satisfactory  quarters,  we  recommend 
that  within  two  years  from  this  time  a concrete  building  should 
be  erected  for  this  purpose  at  a probable  cost  of  $2,500  and 
for  added  facility  a cylinder  press  costing  about  $1,500  should 
be  secured.  In  all  probability  this  plant  will  be  able  to  pro- 
vide a portion  of  the  funds  needed  for  this  purpose  from  its 
income. 


45 


Dormitory.  Believing  that  the  dormitories  or  hostels 
for  high  school  students  are  very  essential  for  properl)"  con- 
ducting religious  work  in  their  behalf,  we  expect  to  continue 
this  work  among  the  students  on  an  increasingly  larger  scale. 
If  it  continues  to  develop  as  we  believe  it  will,  we  shall  need 
within  three  years  one  and  possibly  two  dormitories  for  high 
school  students,  the  cost  of  which  we  estimate  at  $2,500. 

Total  for  other  buildings  and  equipment,  $19,000. 


Class  in  Basketry,  Normal  School,  Showing  Work  of  Uncle  Sam’s  Schools. 

3~  Extension  of  Territory. 

To  the  north  and  east  of  Union  Province,  where  we  began 
our  mission  work,  is  the  great  territory  known  at  present  as 
Mountain  Province,  containing  a population  of  500,000,  mostly 
pagans.  This  territory  is  divided  into  seven  sub-provinces-: 
Benguet,  Amburayan,  Lepanto,  Ifugao,  Kalinga,  Apayao,  and 
Bontoc.  We  have  two  organized  churches  in  Benguet  and 
seven  churches  in  Amburayan,  the  capital  of  which  is  Tagudin. 
Last  September  we  began  work  in  Lepanto,  and  now  have  one 
church  there  besides  several  other  interested  congregations. 
A worker  will  be  stationed  at  Cervantes,  the  capital  of  Lep- 
anto, to  carry  the  gospel  farther  back  into  the  mountains  next 
year.  Aside  from  a little  work  being  done  by.  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  Church  in  Baguio,  Benguet,  and  in  the  sub-prov- 
ince of  Bontoc,  there  is  no  evangelical  work  being  done  in  the 
rest  of  this  great  Mountain  Province.  Ifugao,  sub-province 
containing  127,000  pagan  Xgorots,  lies  adjacent  to  our  work 
in  Amburayan  and  Lepanto.  This  territory  has  never  been 


46 


assigned  to  any  mission  by  the  Evangelical  Union.  It  would 
naturally  fall  to  the  Methodists  or  United  Brethren,  inasmuch 
as  it  joins  the  territory  of  both  these  missions.  Bishop  Old- 
ham, representing  ythe  Methodist  Episcopal  Mission,  has 
urged  us  to  take  the  responsibility  for  this  Ifugao  country. 

The  Mission  Council  therefore  recommends  that  we  im- 
mediately push  our  operations  farther  inland,  thus  adding  a 
field  of  127,000  pagan  population  to  our  present  field. 

4.  Reinforcements. 

The  mission  needs  the  following  reinforcements : A 
deaconess  to  assist  Miss  Weber  to  carry  on  the  work  in  the 
Deaconess  Training  School;  a physician  and  later  a nurse  to 
minister  to  our  three  hundred  thousand  people  who  are  now 
practically  without  the  benefit  of  such  work ; a man  and  wife, 
or  a single  man  and  a single  woman  to  reinforce  the  general 
missionary  workers.  With  the  expansion  of  our  work  there  is 
danger  of  being  crippled  by  the  temporary  breakdown  of  some 
of  our  missionaries.  It  is  difficult  even  now  for  any  of  them 
to  take  a few  days’  vacation  on  account  of  the  pressure  of 
work  already  begun. 

5.  Union  Work. 

Union  Christian  College.  The  need  of  a Christian  college 
in  the  Philippines  to  provide  higher  education  under  Christian 
influence  has  become  so  pressing  that  all  of  the  missions  labor- 
ing in  the  islands  have  united  in  expressing  their  desire  to 
establish  such  an  institution.  A committee  was  appointed  by 
the  Evangelical  Union  (union  of  the  evangelical  missions  in 
the  islands)  for  the  purpose  of  drawing  up  a constitution  and 
articles  of  incorporation.  This  constitution  and  the  accom- 
panying articles  have  been  presented  to  all  of  the  missions 
during  the  past  six  months  for  their  consideration,  and  have 
been  approved  by  the  Protestant  Episcopal,  Methodist  Epis- 
copal, Baptist,  Presbyterian,  Christian,  and  our  own  missions. 

This  constitution  provides  that  the  $130,000  needed  to 
properly  equip  and  establish  this  college,  shall  be  contributed 
by  the  different  missions  as  follows:  The  Methodist  Episcopal 
and  the  Presbyterian,  each  $33,000;  the  Baptist,  Congrega- 
tional, Christian,  Protestant  Episcopal,  and  United  Brethren, 
each  $15,000.  Each  mission  shall  pay  two-fifths  of  its  share 
at  the  time  of  the  signing  of  the  Articles  of  Incorporation,  and 
the  remainder  in  three  annual  payments.  For  the  United 
Brethren  Mission  this  would  be  $6,000,  to  be  contributed  in 
the  beginning,  and  $3,000  each  year  for  three  years. 

The  committee  of  the  Evangelical  Union  having  found  a 
very  satisfactory  site  which  may  be  purchased  for  about 
$15,000,  has  entered  into  negotiations  to  secure  it.  In  order 


47 


that  these  negotiations  may  be  closed,  the  committee  has  re- 
quested that  each  mission  furnish,  as  soon  as  it  passes  favor- 
ably upon  this  college  proposition,  its  pro  rata  share  of  the  pur- 
chase price  of  the  land,  this  amount  to  be  deducted  from  the 
above  mentioned  payment  due  at  the  time  of  the  signing  of 
the  articles  of  incorporation. 

Union  Bible  Seminary.  This  institution  is  now  in  opera- 
tion in  Manila  in  buildings  owned  by  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
and  Presbyterian  missions.  Our  mission  was  invited  to  co- 
operate, and  has  done  so  during  the  past  year,  sending  Mr. 
Kurtz  as  a member  of  the  faculty,  and  six  of  our  native  pastors 
to  enter  the  school.  The  only  extra  expense  entailed  by  this 
cooperation  is  the  rental  of  quarters  for  the  students.  It  is  the 
unanimous  desire  of  our  mission  to  continue  in  this  coopera- 
tion under  the  present  conditions  until  the  aforementioned 
Christian  college  shall  have  been  established.  At  such  time 
it  is  hoped  the  seminary  will  permanently  locate  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  college,  in  order  to  permit  the  students  of  either  in- 
stitution to  take  courses  in  the  other,  and  also  that  certain 
instructors  of  one  institution  may  be  available  for  the  other, 
as  may  be  found  advisable.  Until  such  permanent  location  of 
the  seminary  shall  take  place,  it  will  not  be  advisable  for  our 
mission  to  erect  any  buildings,  but  after  that  it  may  become 
necessary  to  erect  a residence  for  our  representative  on  the 
faculty  and  a dormitory  for  the  students  at  a probable  cost  of 
$3,000.  However,  if  the  seminary  be  organically  connected 
with  the  Union  Christian  College,  as  is  now  being  planned, 
these  buildings  may  be  provided  for  from  the  funds  contrib- 
uted for  the  latter  institution. 

Union  Church,  Baguio.  Since  Baguio,  the  summer  capital 
of  the  Philippines,  is  common  territory,  and  the  Methodists 
have  asked  for  cooperation  in  a union  church,  we  therefore 
recommend  that  a union  church  be  established  in  Baguio,  if 
satisfactory  arrangements  can  be  made  with  the  Methodist 
Mission,  with  a probable  outlay  on  the  part  of  our  Mission 
of  $1,300. 

Union  School  for  Missionaries’  Children.  The  Mission 
Council  recommends  the  cooperation  with  other  missions  in 
the  erection  and  equipment  of  a hostel  at  Baguio  for  mis- 
sionaries’ children,  inasmuch  as  the  government  has  offered  to 
furnish  the  school  building  and  the  teacher  as  soon  as  twenty 
children  are  secured  for  the  school. 

United  Church  for  the  Philippines. 

Our  missionaries  in  the  Philippines  favor,  as  the  ultimate 
goal,  a united  evangelical  Filipino  church ; and  they  believe 
that  the  presentation  of  this  ideal  will  greatly  stimulate  the 
progress  of  the  gospel  and  the  establishment  of  self-supporting 
churches.  When  the  time  is  ripe  for  the  organization  of  such 


48 


a native  church  our  Mission,  with  the  others,  should  cooperate 
in  a most  effective  manner  with  this  Filipino  church  until  it 
becomes  sufficiently  strong  to  support,  direct,  and  extend  its 
own  _ work,  and  thus  give  to  these  islands  the  unspeakable 
blessing  of  a pure,  aggressive  evangelical  church  filled  with 
the  spirit  of  God. 

General  Summary  and  Conclusion. 

I am  deeply  grateful  to  God  and  to  the  Church  for  having 
had  the  privilege  of  this  visit  to  the  mission  fields  of  the  Orient. 
I gave  all  my  strength  to  fulfill  as  thoroughly  as  possible  the 
task  assigned  me.  More  than  can  be  expressed  in  words  do  I 
appreciate  the  devotion,  the  ability,  and  the  unbounded  hos- 
pitality of  our  missionaries  in  Japan,  China,  and  the  Philip- 
pines. At  great  personal  sacrifice  they  cooperated  most  heart- 
ily towards  making  the  visit  and  the  investigations  produce 
permanent  fruitage. 

I wish  to  record  also  the  great  assistance  rendered  by  Dr. 
A.  T.  Howard,  who  accompanied  me  to  China  and  the  Philip- 
pines. His  many  years  of  experience  in  practical  mission  work 
in  Japan,  and  his  wide  study  of  the  ever  changing  missionary 
problems  of  the  Orient,  enabled  him  to  enrich  greatly  our  coun- 
cils and  platform  meetings. 

The  program  of  advance  recommended  in  this  report  as 
our  share  in  the  enlarged  work  that  must  soon  be  done  in  the 
Orient  is  the  very  least  we  should  do. 

As  already  stated,  during  the  next  few  years  we  should 
send  out  twenty  new  missionaries— four  to  Japan,  eleven  to 
China,  and  five  to  the  Philippines. 

In  addition  to  enlarging  the  annual  appropriations  for  the 
expanding  current  work,  within  five  years  we  should  secure 
for  grounds,  buildings,  and  equipment,  $184,250 — $54,250  for 
Japan,  $76,000  for  China,  and  $54,000  for  the  Philippines. 

It  is  the  conviction  of  the  missionaries  and  the  judgment 
of  your  secretary,  that  to  carry  out  the  program  recommended 
in  this  report,  there  should  be  a closer  supervision  of  the  entire 
work  of  the  Orient  by  an  experienced  missionary  well  adapted 
to  such  work.  I therefore  heartily  endorse  the  recommenda- 
tion from  the  field  that  this  Board  elect  a superintendent  for 
the  Orient  in  accordance  with  the  provision  of  our  Church 
Discipline. 

The  experiences  of  the  past  six  months  have  produced  a 
deep  conviction  with  me  that  the  entire  Orient  is  right  now 
passing  through  an  absolutely  new  era.  This  is  the  time  of  all 
times  to  plant  the  Christian  Church  securely  and  establish 
Christian  institutions  in  these  whitened  harvest  fields.  Not 
five  or  two  years  hence,  but  right  now  there  must  be  a decided 
enlargement  of  the  number  of  missionary  workers,  and  of 


49 


funds  for  new  buildings,  or  this  extraordinary  opportunity 
will  pass  unimproved.  If  we,  as  a church,  put  into  execution 
at  once  the  policies  and  advance  steps  here  recommended,  we 
shall  exert  an  influence  for  the  unity  and  efficiency  of  the 
entire  missionary  work  in  the  Orient  far  beyond  our  numerical 
and  financial  strength. 

As  I witnessed  the  remarkable  changes  now  going  on  in 
Japan,  Korea,  China,  and  the  Philippine  Islands,  there  came  to 
my  mind  again  and  again  these  lines : 

“ God  is  working  his  purpose  out 
As  year  succeeds  to  year; 

God  is  working  his  purpose  out, 

And  the  time  is  drawing  near — 

Nearer  and  nearer  draws  the  time, 

The  time  that  shall  surely  be 
When  the  earth  shall  be  filled  with  the  glory  of  God 
As  the  waters  cover  the  sea.” 


N.  B. — The  Foreign  Mission  Board  at  its  annual  session 
at  Harrisburg,  Pa.,  May  6-9,  1912,  unanimously  approved  the 
recommendations  of  the  foregoing  report. 


THE  OTTERREIN  PRESS 
Haytott,  Ol^io  , ' 


